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Chapter 13
Exam 2
41
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/25/2014

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Term
Cnidocytes
Definition
specialized cells that contain the nematocyst
Term
cnida(e)
Definition
organelle(s) discharged from cnidocytes
Term
nematocyst
Definition
a specialized stinging organelle unique to cnidaria
Term
hydrostatic skeleton
Definition
Water in the gastrovascular cavity at a high pressure that supports the organism's shape
Term
polyp*
Definition
One of two body forms for Cnidaria (attached/hydroid)
Term
zooid
Definition
an individual in a colony
Term
Medusa*
Definition
One of two body forms for Cnidaria (free-swiming)
Term
epidermis (cnidaria)
Definition
Outer layer of "skin"
Epithelial cells contract to act as muscles
Term
gastrodermis
Definition
lines the gastrovascular cavity
Term
mesoglea
Definition
Extracellular matrix found between epidermis and gastrodermis. Much larger in medusae.
Term
Gastrovascular cavity
Definition
Innermost body cavity
Incomplete gut
Extracellular digestion in cavity and intracellular digestion in gastrodermal cells
Term
epitheliomuscular cells
Definition
Epithelial cells that contract because Cnidaria don't have muscle tissue.
Term
statocysts
Definition
BALANCE; sense organs for balance
Term
ocelli
Definition
PHOTOSENSITIVITY; sense organs to detect light
Term
Polytomy
Definition
In a cladogram: when 1 branch branches into 3 or more separate branches.
Term
Nerve net
Definition
contains symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses
Term
Polymorphism
Definition
When a single genotype can express more than one body form
Term
Hydranths
Definition
Feeding zooid of a polyp colony
Term
Gonangia
Definition
Reproductive zooid of a polyp colony (no tentacles)
Term
Velum
Definition
Fold of tissue from bottom of bell that extends into the bell. Hydromedusae have it, schyphomedusae don't.
Term
Budding
Definition
Asexual reproduction in polyps
Term
Pedal lasceration
Definition
Asexual reproduction in anemones. A piece of the pedal disc break off and regenerate the organism.
Term
Planula larva
Definition
Zygote develops into a ciliated planula which settles into a polyp.
Swims in one distinct direction giving it BILATERAL SYMMETRY. PROBLEMS
Term
Gastrozooid
Definition
Feeding polyp (same as hydranths)
Term
Gonozooid
Definition
Reproductive polyp (same as gonangia)
Term
Dactylozooid
Definition
Fishing tentacles that sting prey (also for defense)
Term
Hydrorhizal plate
Definition
Colonial pedal disk. Connects colony to base.
Term
Operculum
Definition
Covering of the capsule of Cnidocytes.Opens and rapidly releases the increased hydrostatic pressure launching the thread.
Term
Cnidocil
Definition
"Trigger" of Cnidocytes
Term
Osmotic pressure
Definition
Causes water to rush into the capsule.
Term
Hydrostatic pressure
Definition
Rapid increasing forces the nematocyst out of the capsule.
Term
Manubrium
Definition
Extended mouth edge that is used in capturing and ingesting prey.
Term
Hydrocauli
Definition
Stalks of hydroid
Term
Coenosarc
Definition
The living part of the hydrocaulus.
Term
Perisarc
Definition
A chinous sheath that covers the hydrocaulus.
Term
Hypostome
Definition
The mouth is located on a conical elevation called the hypostome.
Term
Lappets
Definition
Lobes around the margin of scyphozoan medusae.
Term
Rhopalium
Definition
Groupings of nerves in sense organs that house chemoreceptors, statocysts, and ocelli.
Term
Strobilation
Definition
Asexual reproduction. Spontaneous transverse segmentation of the body.
Term
Siphonoglyph
Definition
A ciliated groove that creates the water current into the pharynx.
Term
Acontia threads
Definition
Acontia threads at lower ends of septal filaments may protrude through the mouth to help secure prey.
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