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Chapter 13
Later Adulthood (60 to 75 Years)
31
Psychology
Graduate
05/08/2013
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Term
4 developmental tasks of later adulthood:
 Definition
  1. Accepting One's Life & Achieving Life Satisfaction
  2. Promoting Intellectual Vigor
  3. Redirecting Energy to New Roles & Activities
  4. Developing a Point of View about Death
Term
A majority of older adults express having high levels of _________, and ________ may change during later adulthood depending on the circumstances.
 Definition
  • Life Satisfaction
  • Life Goals
Term
Over the lifespan people confront the challenges of balancing and matching a variety of ________ with fluctuations in _______.
 Definition
  • Opportunities
  • Resources

ex.) Want to continue work (opportunity), but find chronic heart condition make it difficult to bring required energy and resilience to task (loss of resource)
Term
According to the SOC Model, well-being rests on the ability to...
 Definition
...manage or reduce the impact of stressful life events.
Term
According to the SOC Model, adaptation requires the integration of 3 processes:
 Definition

1. Selection

  • identifying opportunities or domains of activity that are of greatest value or importance

2. Optimization

  • allocating and refining resources in order to achieve higher levels of funtioning in selected domains

3. Compensation

  • under conditions of reduced resources, identifying strategies to counteract the loss and minimize the negative impact on functioning in selected domains
Term
5 personality characteristics linked with Life Satisfaction in later life:
 Definition
  1. Extroversion
  2. Lack of Neuroticism
  3. Usefulness/Competence
  4. Optimism
  5. Sense of Control
Term
Along with optimism, a _________  has been found to predict life satisfaction, as they are more likely to experience life in a more playful, engaged way.
 Definition

Sense of Humor
Term
Experiencing a sense of well-being and acceptance of one's life is associated with ________.
 Definition

Physical Health
Term
In addition to increased vulnerability to acute illnesses, more than 80% of people over the age of 65 have at least one ________, long-lasting periods of intense illness followed by periods of remission or progressive decline.
 Definition

Chronic Illness
Term
4 most common chronic conditions in the 65-74 age range:
 Definition
  1. Arthritis
  2. Hearing Impairments
  3. Heart Conditions
  4. High Blood Pressure
Term

The leading cause of death for men and women in the U.S.

  • Risk for men begins 10 yrs earlier than women
  • Risk for women increases after menopause
 Definition

Heart Disease
Term
Risk of heart disease increases for women after menopause. Moreover, women are: (3)
 Definition

1. Less likely to be accurately diagnosed as suffering from heart attack

 

2. Less likely to recover from it

 

3. More likely to suffer complications of a stroke
Term
The lifestyle factors associated with heart disease are about the same for men and women. However, men are more likely to be at risk because they: (3)
 Definition

1. Do not get needed physical activity

 

2. Eat more meat and fat, and less fruit and fiber than women

 

3. Less likely to go to the doctor for regular checkups

 

4. More likely to deny being sick
Term
One study found 2 personality traits associated with mental and physical health:
 Definition
  1. Conscientiousness
  2. Neuroticism
Term
4 problems in evaluating the research (defining and studying) on Intelligence in Later Life:
 Definition
  1. Age Differences vs. Age Changes
  2. Definition of Abilities
  3. Relevance of Tasks Used
  4. Factors Assoc. w/ Health are Intertwined w/ Cognitive Functioning
Term
Several aspects of cognitive functioning show evidence of decline with age, including: (3)
 Definition
  1. Reaction TIme
  2. Visual-Motor Flexibility
  3. Memory
Term
A common model of memory functions breaks memory into 3 forms:
 Definition
  1. Sensory Register
  2. Short-Term Memory
  3. Long-Term Memory
Term
The neurological processing activity that is required to take in visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory information.
 Definition

Sensory Register
Term
________ is most closely linked to the sensory register, and can be slowed as a result of illness.
 Definition

Speed of Processing
Term
Illness does not seem to affect higher order aspects of memory, particularly the ___________.
 Definition

Recall of Past Life Events
Term
The working capacity to encode and retrieve five to nine bits of information in the span of a minute or two.
 Definition

Short-Term Memory
Term
A complex network of information, concepts, and schemes related by associations, knowledge, and use; the storehouse of a lifetime of information.
 Definition

Long-Term Memory
Term
The memory functions most relevant to an understandign of cognitive ability in aging have to do with the ability to...
 Definition
...transfer info from short-term memory to long-term memory and then retrieve it.
Term
Memory focused on basic knowledge, such as recalling the meaning of words; seems very resistent to loss.
 Definition

Semantic Memory
Term

Memory focused on specific situations and data, such as recalling words from a list or remembering what they had for breakfast three days ago.

 

With age, so many daily events are encountered that unless they have some particular importance, they may not be encoded.

 Definition

Episodic Memory
Term

Memory focused on events or actions taking place in the future, such as remembering to take pills at 4pm.Tasks require recalling that something needs to happen at a future time or under some future condition, and also remembering specifically what needs to be done.


Critical component of adaptive coping, and older adults use variety of strategies to help. In lab setting, older adults do not do as well as young. In natural setting, older adults do better.

 Definition

Prospective Memory
Term
7 factors associated with retaining a high level of cognitive functioning in later adulthood:
 Definition

1. Absence of Cardiovascular & Other Chronic Diseases

 

2. Favorable Environment linked to High SES

 

3. Involvement in Complex & Intellectually Stimulating Environment

 

4. Flexible Personality Style at Midlife

 

5. High Cognitive Functioning Spouse

 

6. Maintenance of High Level of Perceptual Processing Speed

 

7. Rating Oneself as Satisfied w/ Life Accomplishments at Midlife
Term
5 Grandparenting Styles expressing a distinct interpretation of their role:
 Definition

1. Formal

 

2. Funseeker

 

3. Surrogate Parent

 

4. Reservoir of Family Wisdom

 

5. Distant Figure
Term
A construct that reflects closeness and commitment within the parent-child and grandparent-grandchild relationships.
 Definition

Intergenerational Solidarity
Term
5 aspects of Intergenerational Solidarity:
 Definition
  1. Affectional
  2. Associational
  3. Consensual
  4. Functional
  5. Structural
Term
In regards to Widowhood, it is important to recognize that: (3)
 Definition

1. Most widowers remarry, most widows do not and live alone

 

2. Widows must learn to function socially & in their households w/out the presence of a spouse

 

3. Widowers sugger greater increases in depression than widows
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