Term
| What are the protective structures of the spinal cord and what do they provide? |
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Definition
| The vertebral column and meninges provide protection to the spinal cord and provide physical stability. |
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Term
| what are the three types of spinal meninges? |
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Definition
1. Dura mater (outer)
2. Arachnoid- spider-web like connective layer (middle)
3. Pia matter (inner) |
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Term
| What spaces does the spinal cord include? |
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Definition
1. Epidural
2. Subdural
3. Subarachnoid- cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
| What does the external anatomy of the spinal cord contain? |
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Definition
- The cervical and lumbar enlargements
- The conus medullaris- ends between L1 and L2; contains sensory axons
-The Cauda equina- Roots of the nerve end (horse tail)
- The posterior (dorsal root) and anterior (ventral root)
*Contains sensory axons
*Contains axons and motor neurons; CNS to effectors.
-Posterior (dorsal root) ganglion
* Contains cell body of sensory neurons
*In the PNS
-Spinal nerve (free) |
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Term
| What are the two enlargements of the external spinal cord? |
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Definition
- The cervical (C4 to T1)
- The lumbar ( T9 to T12) |
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Term
| What is the internal anatomy of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
- Anterior median fissure (grooves in outside of spinal cord)
-Posterior median sulcus
-Grey and white commissures
-Central Canal
-Anterior, posterior, and lateral gray horns
-Anterior, posteior, and lateral gray white columns |
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Term
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of nerves are spinal nerves? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which spinal nerves are the cervical plexus? |
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Definition
C1-C8
*Exits above the vertebrae |
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Term
| Which spinal nerves are the Thoracic plexus? |
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Definition
T1-T12
*Exits below the vertebrae |
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Term
| Which spinal nerves are Lumbar plexus? |
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Definition
L1-L5
*Exits below the vertebrae |
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Term
| Which spinal nerves are Sacral plexus? |
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Definition
S1-S5
*Exits below the vertebrae |
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Term
| Which spinal nerves are the Coccygeal plexus? |
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Definition
1 pair
*Exits below the vertebrae |
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Term
| What are the connective tissue coverings of spinal nerves? |
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Definition
-Epineurium
*Around each nerve
-Perineurium
* Around each fascicle
-Endoneurium
* Around each axon |
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Term
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Definition
| An automatic, sudden, involuntary response to a stimulus. |
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Term
| When is a reflex a spinal reflex? |
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Definition
| When integration takes place in the spinal cord. |
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Term
| What does the structure of the spinal cord do? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the branches of the spinal cord called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the the two types of rami? |
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Definition
-Posterior (dorsal) ramus
-Anterior (ventral) ramus |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Supply the body with electrical impulses in specific regions. |
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Term
| What are the three types of plexuses? |
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Definition
| Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar |
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Term
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Definition
| The pathway followed by nerve impulses that produce a reflex. |
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Term
| What does a reflex arc include? |
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Definition
a. Sensory receptor
* Responds to a stimulus
b. Sensory neuron
* senses something and axon conducts impulses from receptor to integrating center
c. Integrating center
* One or more regions in the CNS that relay impulses to sensory and motor neurons
d. Motor neuron
* Carries signal to effector, carries out of the ventral root.
e. Effector
*Muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses |
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