Term
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Definition
| Minimum resources while allowing high flexibility, and offers substantial other benefits within marketing, financial, technology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of independent intermediaries as known export representatives to market the orgs products overseas, several types of export representatives |
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Term
| Combination export manager |
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Definition
| Export rep that acts as the export department to a small exporter or a large producer with small overseas sales –operate on commission basis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trading organization's that buy and resell goods. Assume the risk and responsibility of credit and being able to sell the goods. Organization gives up control over the int’l marketing process, and for that reason many orgs stay away from this because they would like to have more control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Export representatives that act on behalf of foreign buyers so that the transactions for the exporter are more similar to those that occur in a domestic market. |
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Term
| Export trading organizations |
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Definition
| Export reps that both import to and export from their home markets, facilitating large transactions and offering a comprehensive set of services. |
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Term
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Definition
| Under a cooperative agreement, one organization (the carrier) buys the products of another organization (the rider) and markets them overseas. Carrier markets products independently. Good option to enter an export market but is normally avoided to export long haul because of loss of control over the foreign marketing operations |
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Term
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Definition
| as export activities grow in scale and complexity sometimes a department is created within an org that is dedicated to export and operates independently of domestic operations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Separate legal entity that purchases the products it sells in the overseas markets from its parent manufacturer – essentially same as the department, except it stands as a separate legal entity. Easier to evaluate, and can offer tax advantages |
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Term
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Definition
| Branch within an org that handles all sales, distribution, and promotional work throughout a designated market area and sells primarily to wholesalers and dealers |
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Term
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Definition
| Document of proof of delivery to the assigned party. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contract between the exporter and the shipper indicating that the shipper has accepted responsibility for the goods and will provide transportation in return for payment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bill for the goods stating basic information about the transaction, including description of merchandise, total cost of goods sold, addresses of the buyer/seller, and delivery and payment |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialists in handling export documentation. Recommended for orgs entering the int’l market for the first time to minimize potential problems with documentation |
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Term
| INCOTERMS (international commercial terms) |
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Definition
| Universally recognized set of definitions of int’l terms of trade, most commonly used in int’l contracts. – spelled out responsibilities of exporter, importer, and logistics provider. |
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Term
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Definition
| Risk that an importer will not pay or will fail to pay on the agreed terms |
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Term
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Definition
| Risk when a sale is in an importer’s currency that the currency depreciates in relation to home currency |
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Term
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Definition
| Risk that payment will not be made to an importer’s inability to obtain foreign currency and transfer it to exporter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Risk associated with war, confiscation of importers business and other unexpected political events |
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Term
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Definition
| Promise for payment from importer, IOU. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sale with no evidence of debt, usually done by invoice, in which payment may be unenforceable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Duty that is percentage of the value of merchandise |
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Term
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Definition
| Duty charged on imported merchandise sold to importers if it is at a price that is less than the WTO’s definition of fair market value |
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Term
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Definition
| Duty charged to counter the effects of subsidies provided by foreign governments because without it the price of these imported goods would be artificially low, causing economic injury to domestic manufacturers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refund of 99% of all ordinary customs duties if claimed within four years. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refer to legal export/import transactions involving the import of genuine products into a country by intermediaries other than the authorized distributors. From the importers side, these products are known as Parallel Imports. |
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