Term
| What two factors does the ability of substances to dissolve depend on? |
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Definition
The natural tendency of substances to mix and spread into larger volumes when not restrained in some way.
The types of intermolecular interactions involved in the solution process |
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Term
| What three kinds of intermolecular interactions are involved in solution formation? |
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Definition
Solute-Solute: interaction between solute particles must be overcome in order diperse the solute particles through the solvent
Solvent-Solvent: interactions between solvent particles must be overcome to make room for the solute particles in the solvent
Sovent-Solute: interactions between solvent and solute particles occur as the particles mix |
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Term
| What are solution processes typically accompanied by? |
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Definition
| Ethalpy(ΔH) changes A.K.A(energy changes) |
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Term
| What components go into the solution process? |
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Definition
Solute particles seperating from one another(ΔHsolute)
Solvent particles seperating form each other(ΔHsolvent)
Solute and solvent particles mixing(ΔHmix) |
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Term
What is the overall ethalpy change equation for solutions
(ΔHsoln)? |
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Definition
| ΔHsoln=ΔHsolute+ΔHsolvent+ΔHmix |
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Term
| The process of seperating solute particles(ΔHsolute) and seperating solvent particles(ΔHsolvent) are always what type of processes and why? |
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Definition
Endothermic which means both ΔH(enthalpy changes) must be greater than zero.
They are endothermic because the attraction between the particles always requires energy to overcome their attractive interactions |
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Term
| what type of process is ΔHmix and why? |
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Definition
| Exothermic. because of the attractive interaction between solute and solvent particles |
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Term
If ΔHsoln is positive what kind of solution is it?
If negative?
What insight can this provide and why? |
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Definition
A + ΔHsoln is an endothermic solution.
A - ΔHsoln is an exothermic solution.
The ethalpy change of a process can provide insight into the extent to which the process.
Ex. exothermic processes will tend to proceed spontaneously
Ex. endothermic processes may cause solute to not dissolve to any extent in a chosen solvent
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Term
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Definition
| the process of ion, atom, and molecules to form solid crystals. |
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Term
| What is dynamic equilibrium? |
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Definition
| The point at which the rates of the two opposing process in a solution become equal and there is no further increase in the amount of solute. occurs in a solution with undissolved solute |
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