Term
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Definition
| An approach to reading instruction that teaches reading by emphasizing the connection between letters and sounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to reading instruction that de-emphasizes phonics and keeps reading instruction similar to the natural process of language learning |
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Term
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Definition
| Attributing successes to stable and internal personal traits or abilities, and failures to external, changeable, and uncontrollable factors. This leads to a tendency to step up to challenges and persevere through difficult tasks. |
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Term
| learned helpless orientation |
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Definition
| The perception that one cannot alter events in one’s life. This syndrome was first demonstrated by Seligman. Seligman placed animals in an experimental situation where they could not escape an electric shock. Eventually, the animals became lethargic and no longer tried to escape. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual differences in the way information is processed. Some people are visual, auditory, or kinesthetic learners. Each type of learner will acquire information easier if the information is presented in a modality that matches their learning style. |
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