Term
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Definition
| Behavior that causes social and/or occupational disability |
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Term
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Definition
situationalism vs central tendencies
-situation dictates behavior, not the traits.
-behavior in one situation doesn't predict behavior in another
-personality measures lack of predictive validity |
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Term
| Rational Personality Tests |
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Definition
measures people's responses and then matches them to a personality theory
-Projective tests
-Rorschach inkblots
-Thematic apperception tests |
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Term
| Empirical Personality Assessments |
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Definition
unambiguous answers (yes/no; true/false) used to compare with people who have certain personality traits.
Example:
do you get irritated easily?
yes.
then you are neurotic.
damn. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Unconscious motivations cause you to see certain images in the inkblots.
Categories to interpret the inkblots are:
-Location
-Determinant
-Content |
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Term
Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT) |
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Definition
Subjects are given neutral pictures and asked to make stories up about them.
Resulting stories can be interpreted.
Conclusions are made about the personality traits of the subject. |
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Term
| Trephinator or Trepanning |
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Definition
| Drilling holes in the skulls of people with abnormal behavior to let out the bad spirits. |
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Term
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Definition
invented the 'tranquilizing chair"
-considered an improvement in the treatment of abnormal people
-a person would be tied up in the tranquilizing chair for a very long time until they eventually calmed down. |
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Term
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Definition
vague or general statement about personality that applies to nearly everyone who reads or hears the description
Example:
Horoscopes |
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Term
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Definition
The biologically and environmentally determined characteristics within the person that accounts for distinctive amd enduring patternes of thinking, feeling and acting
-also allows us to understand our behavior and examine individual differences |
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Term
| Freudian/Psychodynamic Theory of Personality |
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Definition
| the unconscious psychological conflicts betweeen the Id, Ego, and Superego. |
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Term
| Jungian (type) Theory of Personality |
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Definition
Myers and Briggs
-you are either a Type A person or a Type B person |
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Term
| Humanistic Theory of Personality |
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Definition
free will
-the subjective experiences that define an individual |
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Term
| Behaviorist Theory of Personality |
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Definition
| Interaction with the environment, response driven |
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Term
| Biological Theory of Personality |
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Definition
| specific brain areas (like Phineas Gage) house our personality traits |
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Term
| Dispositional/Trait Theory of Personality |
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Definition
| enduring, stable traits that differ amoung individuals and influence behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Allport & Odbert
-made 5 groups of personalities
-"normal" personality can be broken down into:
*Neuroticism
*Extraversion
*Openness
*Agreeableness
*Conscientiousness
-PROBLEMS: its a description of personality, not an explanation and does not measure all personality traits (sense of humor/creativity/masculinity/ femininity) |
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Term
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Definition
-frequently experience negative feelings
-emotionally reactive
-interpret ordinary situations as threatening |
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Term
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Definition
-enjoy being with people
-full of energy
-like to talk
-assert themselves |
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Term
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Definition
-curious
-aware of feelings
-individualistic |
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Term
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Definition
-value getting along with others
-considerate
-generous
-think people are honest and decent |
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Term
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Definition
-avoid trouble
-achieve high levels of success
-regarded by others as intelligent and reliable
-perfectionist |
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Term
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Definition
-if you measure properly, personalty does seem to exist.
-combine measures of similar behaviors over time
-traits predictive of patterns of behavior NOT instances |
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Term
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Definition
Somatotypes (body types)= personality types
-Ectomorphs (skinny)=shy
-Mesomorphs (muscular)= confident
-Endomorphs (round)= easy going |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic inheritance passes on predispositions |
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Term
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Definition
unconscious motivations & conflicts which lead to inner discrepancies
(Id versus Superego=anxiety=defense mechanisms) |
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Term
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Definition
(post freudian)
we possess archetypes
1. masculine vs. feminine
2. extrovert vs. introvert
3. persona vs. self |
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Term
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Definition
(post freudians)
we strive for superiority (self perfection) |
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Term
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Definition
(post freudian)
we have ways of dealing with others
1. towards others (compliant)
2. against others (domination)
3. away from others (aloof) |
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Term
| Behaviorist/ Social Learning Theory |
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Definition
Skinner: 'radical behaviorism' and stresses events in the environment
Cognitive/ Social Learning: observational learning and thoughts +expectation shaped behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Cardinal Traits
Central Traits
Secondary Traits |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively enduring way in which one individual differs from another |
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Term
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Definition
| dominant themes affect all aspects of life |
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Term
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Definition
| not as all consuming- affects some aspects of life |
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Term
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Definition
| Very narrow apects of behavior (attitudes) |
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