Term
| Types of symbiotic relationships sustained in body |
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Definition
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism |
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Term
| Steps leading to infection |
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Definition
Contact with microbes
Colonization with flora
Invasion
Infection |
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Term
| How much of human DNA is made from retroviruses |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of flora in the body? |
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Definition
Transient (temporary, can be washed away)
Resident (permanent; can create beneficial effect called microbial antagonism). |
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Term
| Sterile sites of the body, where neither resident/transient flora flourish? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the presence of microbes in a sterile site indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Initial Colonization of Newborns |
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Definition
| Uterus is sterile, but first microbes are experienced when fetal membrane breaks. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Combination of transient/residual bacteria. |
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Term
| Transition Zones that harbor the most microbes |
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Definition
Nasal-skin
Oral-skin
Anus-skin
Genitalia-skin |
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Term
| Flora of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
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Definition
| In the oral cavity and throughout the large intestine/rectum |
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Term
| How much of fecal material is bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flora of the Respiratory Tract |
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Definition
| Nasal Cavity, pharynx, and few microbes in the trachea |
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Term
| Flora of the Genitourinary Tract |
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Definition
Female - First portion of urethra, vaginal/cervical surfaces
Male - first portion of urethra, genitals |
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Term
|
Definition
| Consumption of live microbes to introduce beneficial intestinal flora |
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Term
|
Definition
| Consumption of certain nutrients to promote growth of beneficial microbes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Parasitic microbes whose relationship with the host results in infection and disease. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A microbe's potential to cause infections and disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| Capable of causing disease in healthy adults with normal immune systems. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Causes disease only when immune system has been compromised or an opportunity presents itself. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Factors which allow microbes to get a foothold in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific chemicals which produce adverse poisonous effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toxins spread to blood (such as tetanus) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Produced by Gram negative bacteria
Target specific
Powerful
Immune system sees them as target
Can be inactivated to make vaccines |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram negative cell walls
Takes higher doses to produce effect
General systemic effects
Cannot be used for vaccines |
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Term
| Four Stages of Clinical Infections |
|
Definition
Incubation
Prodromal
Invasion
Convalescence |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Collection of signs+symptoms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Contained in one specific area |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Spreads from one area to others |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lots of microbes wreaking havoc |
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Term
|
Definition
| No noticeable symptoms even though microbes are at work |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary habitat in the natural world where the microbes thrive (can be living/non-living) |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual/object from which infection is acquired |
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Term
|
Definition
| An individual who inconspicuously carries a pathogen and can give it to others |
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Term
|
Definition
| No active infection, accidentally transferred to others who get sick |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection indigenous to animals but humans are also susceptible |
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Term
|
Definition
| An animal that transmits infections from host to host |
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Term
|
Definition
| Animal is infected and actively participates in pathogen's life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Animal is not infected; merely transports pathogen, not involved in life cycle |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Infection is not from host-to-host
Picked up from nonliving reservoir |
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Term
|
Definition
| Infection occurs from host-to-host |
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Term
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Definition
| Microbe is from casual encounter from host to host |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dried residues created when coughing/talking/sneezing |
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Term
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Definition
| Suspensions of dust or moisture particles in the air (live pathogens) |
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Term
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Definition
Hospital/Health Care Facility is source of disease
5% of patients admitted get these
From surgical procedures, equipment, personnel, etc. |
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Term
| Where is the most common place to get a nosocomial infection? |
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Definition
| Urinary tract (from catheters) |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the frequency and distribution of disease in humans. |
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Term
|
Definition
Major agency for keeping track of outbreaks.
Reports to World Health Organization. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The total number of existing cases in comparison to population |
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Term
|
Definition
| The number of new cases, reported as ratio of cases/100,000 people |
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Term
|
Definition
| Disease is steady in one area |
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Term
|
Definition
| Disease is random across a location |
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Term
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Definition
Disease shows greater frequency than expected
Can be sporatic or endemic |
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Term
|
Definition
| Regardless of case reporting, a large number of cases go unnoticed and unreported |
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