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Chapter 13 Vocab
meosis
31
Biology
11th Grade
03/07/2008

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Term
heredity
Definition
the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Term
variation
Definition
offspring differ somewhat in appearance from parents and siblings
Term
genetics
Definition
the scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation
Term
genes
Definition
hereditary units endowe with coded information that passes from parent to offspring
Term
locus
Definition
a gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring
Term
clone
Definition
a group of genetically identical individuals
Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the 2 parents
Term
life cycle
Definition
the generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism
Term
somatic cell
Definition
any cell other than a sperm or ovum
Term
karotype
Definition
a display of chromosomes arranged in pairs
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
the chromosomes that make up a pair-- that have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
Term
sex chromosomes
Definition
the X and Y chromosomes
Term
autosomes
Definition
all chromosomes not X and Y
Term
gametes
Definition
reproductive cells
Term
haploid cell
Definition
a cell with a single chromosome set
Term
fertilization/syngamy
Definition
the union of gametes
Term
zygote
Definition
a fertilized egg; contains two sets of haploid chromosomes
Term
diploid cells
Definition
all cells having 2 sets of chromosomes
Term
meiosis
Definition
a process of cell division which halves the number of chromosomes in gametes, which compensates for the doubling at fertilization
Term
alternation of generations
Definition
a type of life cycle that includes both diploid and haploid multicellular stages
Term
sporotype
Definition
multicellular diploid stage
Term
spores
Definition
haploid cells in sporotype
Term
gametophyte
Definition
a multicellular haploid stage generated by a mitotically dividing spore
Term

meiosis I

Definition

the first division of a 2 stage cell division in sexually reproducing organisms

Term
meiosis II
Definition
2nd stage cell division in sexually reproducing organisms
Term
synapsis
Definition
occurs during prophase I of meiosis; duplicated chromosomes pair with their homologues
Term
tetrad
Definition
the visible homologous pair of chromatids
Term
chiasmata
Definition
X-shaped regions which are crisscrossed sections of nonsister chromatids
Term
crossing over
Definition
the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids
Term
recombinant chromosomes
Definition
combine genes inherited from our 2 parents
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