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| A negative emotional state occuring in response to events that are percieved as taxing or exceeding a person's resources or ability to cope. |
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| According to Lazarus, whether we can experience stress depends largely on our cognitive appraisal of an event and the resources we have to deal with the event. |
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| The branch of psychology that studies how biological, behavioral, and social factors influence health, illness, medical treatment, and health-related behaviors. |
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| The belief that physical health and illness are determined by the complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. |
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| Events or situations that are percieved as harmful, threatening, or challenging. Events or situations that produce stress. Any event or situation can be a source of stress if you question your ability or resources to deal effectively with it. |
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| Everyday occurrences, or minor events, that annoy or upset people. |
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| The stress that results from the pressure of adapting to a new culture. |
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| First described the flight-or-fight response. Found that the flight-or-fight response involved both the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system. Also coined the term homeostasis. |
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| A rapidly occuring chain of internal physical reactions that prepare people either to fight or take flight from an immediate threat. |
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| Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that cause rapid physiological arousal; include adrenaline and noradrenaline. |
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| General Adaptation Syndrome |
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| Selye's term for the three-stage progression pf physical changes that occur when an organism is exposed to intense and prolonged stress. The three stages are alarm, resistance and exhaustion. |
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| Documented the physical effects of exposure to prolonged stress. |
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| Hormones released by the adrenal cortex that play a key role in the body's response to long-term stressors. |
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| Body system that produces specialized white bood cells that protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and tumor cells. |
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| Specialized white blood cells that are responsible for immune defenses. |
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| An interdiciplinary field that studies the interconnections among psychological processes, nervous and endocrine system functions, and the immune system. |
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| Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen |
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Definition
| Demonstrated that immune responses could be classically conditioned. |
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| Janice Kiecolt-Glaser and Ronald Glaser |
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| Research has shown that the effectiveness of the immune system can be lowered by many common stressors. |
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| Optimistic Explanatory Style |
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Definition
| Accounting for negative events or situations with external, unstable, and specific explainations. |
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| Pessimistic Explanatory Style |
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| Accounting for negative events or situations with internal, stable and global explainations. |
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| How people characteristically explain their failures and defeats makes a difference. |
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| A behavioral and emotional style characterized by a sense of time urgency, hostility, and competitiveness. |
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| The resources provided by other people in times of need. |
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| Behavioral and cognitive responses used to deal with stressors; involves our efforts to change circumstances, or our interpritation of circumstances, to make them more favorable and less threatening. |
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| Coping efforts primarily aimed at directly changing or managing a threatening or harmful stressor. |
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| Coping efforts primarily aimed at relieving or regulating the emotional impact of a stressful situation. |
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