Term
| The important factors in soil formation are the: |
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Definition
| (1) parent material; (2) climate; (3) vegetation; (4) slope; (5) time |
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| Decomposition of feldspar leads to |
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Definition
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| Intense chemical weathering in humid, tropical climates may lead to the development of soils called |
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Definition
| laterites that are composed primarily of iron oxides |
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Term
| Intense chemical weathering in humid, tropical climates may lead to the development of soils called bauxites that are |
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Definition
| composed primarily of aluminum oxides |
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Term
| The humus that accumulates in rich soils is composed of |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Red colors in soils generally are caused by |
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Definition
| the presence of iron oxides |
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Term
| The soils that lack any developed horizons within them are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The soils that contain large amounts of organic matter such as peat in their upper layers are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The soils that are commonly developed under deciduous forests and that have clay-rich B horizons are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The soils that develop under temperature grasslands with a thick, dark organic-rich surface layer are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The soils that develop in dry climates with accumulations of salt, sulfates, and carbonates are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Desert soils are estimated to cover |
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Definition
| 17% of the Earth' s land surface |
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Term
| The principal cause of desertification is |
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Definition
| overqrazinq and wood cutting |
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Term
| A natural lump of material in a soil is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The "seventh approximation" refers to |
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Definition
| a soil classification system |
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Term
| The thick, dark, organic-rich soils of temperate grasslands are called |
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Definition
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Term
| The elements added in substantial amounts to soils as fertilizers are |
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Definition
| nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium |
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Term
| The material being removed from the Amazon River drainage basin is |
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Definition
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Definition
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| The taking up of hydrocarbon molecules or metal atoms into minerals in soils is called |
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Definition
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Definition
| a thick, surficial accumulation of peat |
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Term
| Base cations in soils include: |
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Definition
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Term
| Soils develop as a result of the combined effects of: |
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Definition
| chemical and mechanical weathering. |
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Term
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Definition
| a zone in which soluble constituents are leached |
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Term
| The most important minerals in soils are |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Caliche is a layer of calcite found |
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Definition
| at the top of the C zone in a soil |
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Term
| Ion exchange, a property of soil clays, is a process that |
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Definition
| makes fertilizer elements available to plants |
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Term
| Through the high Sierra and high Rocky Mountains, the main soils are |
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Definition
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Definition
| (1) generally very poor because they are so highly leached by rainfall, and (2) are commonly enriched in iron and aluminum. |
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Term
| In the weathering of granite (and many other crystalline rocks) to form a soil, the original quartz grains |
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Definition
| become residual quartz grains |
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Term
| In the weathering of granite (and many other crystalline rocks) to form a soil, the original feldspar grains |
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Definition
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Term
| The "Dust Bowl" in the central United States in the 1930s: |
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Definition
| (1) was caused primarily by an extended period of low rainfall (2) was aggravated by farming practices, and (3) caused many farmers to leave the area |
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