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Chapter 12 Review
Key Terms & Definitions
25
Physics
9th Grade
01/15/2014

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Term
Transformer 
Definition
An electrical device that changes the potential difference (a.k.a. voltage) of an alternating current.
Term
Direct Current 
Definition
The current in which charged particles travel through a circuit in only one direction.
Term
Alternating Current
Definition
The current in which electrons move back and forth in a circuit.
Term
Circuit Breaker
Definition
(ex. of a fuse) A safety device that is placed in serious with other circuit, which leads to appliances and outlets.
Term
Fuse 
Definition
A safety device, usually found in older buildings and some appliances; like a circuit breaker.
Term
Electrical Power
Definition
The rate at which appliances use electrical energy.
Term
Watt (W)
Definition
The unit of Electrical Power.
Term
Kilowatt (kW)
Definition
A practical unit of Electrical Power; 1 kW = 1000 W
Term
EnerGuide Label
Definition
A label that gives details about how much energy an appliance uses in one year of normal use.
Term
Small Meter
Definition
A meter that records the total electrical energy use hour by hour and sends this information to the utility company automatically.
Term
Time of Use Pricing 
Definition
A system in which the cost of each kW.h of energy is different, at different times of the day.
Term
Phantom Load
Definition
The electricty that is consumed by an appliance or device, when it is turned off.
Term
Efficiency
Definition
The ratio of useful energy output : to the total energy input, expressed as a percentage.
Term
Base Load
Definition
The continuous minimum demand for Electrical Power.
Term
Hydroelectric Power Generation
Definition
The generation of electrical power by using a source of moving water.
Term
Renewable Energy Source 
Definition
A source of energy that can be replaced in a relatively short period of time.
Term
Non-Renewable Energy 
Definition
A source of energy that CANNOT be replaced as quickly as it is used.
Term
Intermediate Load
Definition
A demand for electricity that is greater than the base load, and is met by burning coal and natural gas.
Term
Peak Load
Definition
The greatest demand for electricity, which is met by using hydroelectric power and natural gas.
Term
Wind Farm
Definition
Many large wind turbines in one location.
Term
Solar Energy 
Definition
The energy that is directly converted from the sun into electricity.
Term
Photovoltaic Effect
Definition
The generation of a direct current, when certain materials are exposed to sunlight. (ex: solar cells)
Term
Biomass Energy
Definition
Energy that is generated from plant and animal matter.
Term
It's practical unit is the kW.
Definition
Electrical Power
Term
A demand that is met using fossil-fuel-burning generators, which can be turned on and off quickly.
Definition
Intermediate Load
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