Term
| What is the Hierachy of Organization? |
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Definition
Atom
Molecule
Macromolecule
Subcellular Structure
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere |
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Definition
large molecules in cells composed of monomers |
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What is Subcellular Structure? |
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Definition
a structure in the cell that has a particular function |
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Definition
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Definition
a group of similar cells organized for an integrated function |
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Definition
a structure composed of 2 or more tissues |
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a group of organs with a similar function |
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Definition
organisms of the same species living in a particular locality |
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Definition
all the organisms that live in a particular locality |
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Definition
interaction between the community and the habitat |
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Definition
the region of the earth that supports life |
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What are the Characteristics of life? |
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Definition
organisms have:
organization
growth
movement
respond to stimuli
reproduce
undergo development
composed of cells
contain DNA
maintain homeostasis
undergo metabolism (anabolism,catabolism)
adapt
evolve |
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Term
What are the Scientific Method Steps? |
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Definition
Science as a process of knowing:
Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Prediction
Testing
Conclusions |
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Term
What do you need for a good experiment? |
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Definition
Must have control group and test group
Subjects must be the same
Must have more than one subject
Variables stay the same in the control group |
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Term
Why are microorganisms important to study? |
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Definition
mineral cycling decomposers photosynthetic micros base of food chain in aquatic environ. disease make vitamins
contribute to normal flora break down dangerous compounds industrial processes fermentation products/chemicals
sewage treatment produce antibiotics food/food processing spoilage of food research biotechnology pesticides |
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Definition
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Definition
contains a nucleus, DNA, and organelles |
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Definition
an organism that can make their own food |
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What is Heterotrophy by Ingestion? |
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Definition
taking in large particles of food to be digested |
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What is Heterotrophy by Absorption? |
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Definition
releases enzymes to break down substrates to be absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
introduced the 5 kingdom system |
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Definition
responsible for defining archaea and RNA hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
eukaryotic organelles/endosymbiotic theory |
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Term
What are the six kingdoms of life? |
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Definition
eubacteria-prokaryotic
archebacteria-hetero/autotrophic/prokaryotic
protista- eukaryotic/protozoa,algae,mold
fungi- eukaryotic yeast/mold/rust/shrooms
animal- hetertrophic/multicell/eukaryotic
plant- eukaryotic/autroph
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Term
What is the basic structure of a virus? |
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Definition
nucleic acid, protein coat, no cell structure, not living, uses host cell for replication, important human pathogens |
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Definition
made a microscope and discovered cells |
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Definition
disproved spontaneous generation for macroscopic organisms |
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Definition
developed the cell theory |
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Definition
| made swan-neck flask, disproved spontaneous generation, pasteurization, germ theory, vaccine for cholera, vaccine for anthrax, rabies vaccine |
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Definition
| found causative agent for anthrax, tuberculosis, staining techniques, aseptic techniques, in vitro culturing, postulates |
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Definition
introduced the use of agar-agar as a solidifying agent |
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| demonstrated that childbed fever was contagious disease spread by physicians who did not wash their hands |
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Definition
used carbolic acid as an antiseptic |
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Definition
| traced a cholera outbreak to a municipal water supply that was contaminated by sewage |
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Definition
found causative agent of tobacco mosaic disease |
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Definition
causative agent for yellow fever |
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developed arsenic-based chemotherapeutic agent to treat syphilis |
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Definition
discovered penicillin from a mold agar plate |
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Definition
discovered the first sulfa drug called prontosil |
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Term
What are the symptoms of the bubonic plague? |
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Definition
fever, swollen lymph nodes, pneumonia |
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Term
How was the bubonic plague transmitted? |
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Definition
from an infected flea bite |
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Definition
| disease arose from an altered chemical in the atmosphere called miasma which came from decaying bodies known as miasms |
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Term
What was spontaneous generation? |
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Definition
| people believed certain organisms arose spontaneously from nonliving material under contemporary conditions. (i.e. you cover a piece of cheese and a mouse appears) |
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Term
Who proved the germ theory? |
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Definition
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Term
What are Koch's Postulates? |
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Definition
the same microorganisms are present in every case of disease
they are isolated from the tissues of a dead animal and a pure culture is prepared
from the culture they are inoculated into a healthy animal to reproduce the disease
the same microorganisms are isolated and recultivated from the tissue specimens |
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Term
What are aseptic techniques? |
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Definition
techniques performed in a sterile environment |
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Term
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Definition
a culture that contains one microbe and no contaminants |
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Term
What are the symptoms of smallpox? |
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Definition
pustules, some cases merge, some hemorrage |
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Term
What virus causes smallpox? |
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Definition
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Term
How did Jenner contribute to the control of smallpox? |
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Definition
| Jenner developed a vaccine using the cowpox virus |
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Term
What is the vaccinia virus? |
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Definition
the virus that made the smallpox vaccine |
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Definition
anything that has mass and occupies space |
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Definition
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Definition
a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means |
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Definition
an element needed by organisms in large amounts |
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Definition
an element needed by organisms in small amounts |
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What is an Atomic Number? |
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Definition
total number of protons in the nucleus |
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Definition
total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
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Definition
total weight of an atom, particularly protons and neutrons |
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Definition
an element that has different numbers of neutrons |
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Definition
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Term
What is the structure of an Atom? |
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Definition
Proton- positive charge
Neutron- no charge
Electron- negative charge |
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Term
What is the rule of Octet? |
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Definition
| first shell can hold 2 electrons, second and third shell can hold 8 electrons |
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Term
Which electrons are involved in chemical reactivity? |
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Definition
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Term
What is rearrangement reaction? |
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Definition
| where the electrons rearrange themselves (i.e. ZYZ--->YZZ) |
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Term
What is synthesis reaction? |
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Definition
where the electrons combine (i.e. A+B--->AB) |
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What is decomposition reaction? |
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Definition
| where the electrons break apart or the opposite of synthesis (i.e. AB---> A+B) |
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Term
What is displacement reaction? |
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Definition
| two sets of electrons share and combine (i.e. AB+CD---> AD+BC) |
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Definition
a bond formed by sharing electrons |
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Term
What is a nonpolar covalent bond? |
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Definition
electrons are shared equally |
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What is a polar covalent bond? |
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Definition
electrons are shared unequally |
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Definition
forms by transferring electrons |
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Definition
| forms between a hydrogen covalently bonded to one molecule and an oxygen or nitrogen on the same or different molecule |
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Definition
the measure of the hydrogen ion concentration |
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Term
What is the PH of a Cell? |
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Definition
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