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Chapter 12: Criminal and Business Law
LEGL 2700 Reed
36
Law
Undergraduate 2
04/13/2010

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Term
Accessory
Definition
A term used at the state level that is similar to "aiding and abetting." Usually before the criminal act or after it.
Term
Aiding and Abetting
Definition
A criminal action that arises from association with and from assistance rendered to a person guilty of another criminal act.
Term
Bankruptcy Crime
Definition
Traditionally, the financial condition where debt exceed assets and one is unable to pay debts as they mature.
Term
Burglary
Definition
Theft by breaking and entering.
Term
Concealment
Definition
An intentional misrepresentation of a material fact occurring through the silence of a party.
Term
Conspiracy
Definition
A combination or agreement between two or more persons for the commission of a criminal act.
Term
Double Jeopardy
Definition
A constitutional doctrine that prohibits an individual from being prosecuted twice by the same governing body based on the same factual situation.
Term
Endangerment of Workers
Definition
A criminal act that involves placing employees at risk with respect to their health and safety in the work environment.
Term
Exculpatory No
Definition
The doctrine that merely denying guilt is not a criminal lie in response to a question from an agency of the federal government. This doctrine is no longer valid.
Term
Expectation of Privacy
Definition
The expectation that one will not be observed by the state.
Term
Felony
Definition
A criminal offense of a serious nature, generally punishable by death or imprisonment in a penitentiary
Term
Fraud
Definition
A flase representation of fact made with the intent to deceive another that is justifiably relied upon to the injury of that person.
Term
Good Faith
Definition
Honesty in dealing; innocence; without fraud or deceit.
Term
Indictment
Definition
A document issued by a grand jury formally charging a person with a felony.
Term
Information
Definition
A written accusation by the prosecutor presented in court charging an accused person with a crime.
Term
Intent
Definition
A legal doctrine indicating that parties meant to do what they did.
Term
Intent to Defraud
Definition
Applies to an individual who knowingly and willfully makes a misrepresentation of material fact that is relied on and thereby causes injury or harm.
Term
Knowingly
Definition
Intentionally.
Term
Larceny
Definition
The unlawful taking of personal property with the intent to deprive the right owner of this property.
Term
Mail Fraud
Definition
The use of the US Postal Service or any interstate carrier to conduct fraudulent activities with the intent to deprive an owner of property.
Term
Misdemeanor
Definition
A criminal offense of less serious nature than a felony, generally punishable by fine or jail sentence other than in a penitentiary.
Term
Nolo Contendere
Definition
A plea entered by a defendant in a criminal case that neither admits nor denies the crime allegedly committed but, if accepted by the court, permits the judge to treat the defendant as guilty.
Term
Obstruction of Justice
Definition
A criminal act involving the interference of the administration of the laws during the investigation and conduct of trials.
Term
Overt Act
Definition
An essential element of a crime. Without this action by a party, the intent to engage in criminal activity is not wrongful.
Term
Pattern of Racketeering
Definition
Under RICO, two or more similar acts of organized crime in a ten year period.
Term
Presumption of Innocence
Definition
The basis of requiring the government to prove a criminal defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Term
Probably Cause
Definition
The reasonable basis on which law enforcement officials convince a judge that criminal activity has occurred. This is the basis that must be satisfied before a judge will issue a criminal search warrant.
Term
Racketeering
Definition
A crime under RICO, involving a pattern of actions that are indictable under state and federal law.
Term
Robbery
Definition
Illegally taking something by force.
Term
Scheme to Defraud
Definition
A plan to misrepresent a material fact in order to obtain something, usually money, from another.
Term
Search Warrant
Definition
A court order required by the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution to be obtained from government officials prior to private property being searched or seized.
Term
Sentencing Guidelines
Definition
Adopted by the US Sentencing Commission as a means of standardizing the sentence given to similar criminals committing similar crimes.
Term
Unreasonable Search and Seizure
Definition
A violation of the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution that occurs when a valid search warrant is not obtained or when the scope of a valid warrant is exceeded.
Term
White-Collar Crime
Definition
Violations of law by business organizations or by individuals in a business-related capacity.
Term
Willfully
Definition
With intent to defraud or deceive.
Term
Wire Fraud
Definition
The use of radio, television, telephone, Internet, or other wired forms of communication to conduct fraudulent activities with the intent to deprive an owner of property.
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