Term
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Definition
| an integrated collection of stored data that is centrally managed and controlled |
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Term
| Database Management System (DBMS) |
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Definition
| a system software component that manages and controls one or more databases |
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Term
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Definition
| database components that stores the raw bits and bytes of data |
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Term
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Definition
| database component that contains descriptive information about the data stored in the physical data store |
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Term
| Relational database Management System (RDBMS) |
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Definition
| a DBMS that organizes data in tables or relations |
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Term
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Definition
| a two-dimensional data structure of columns and rows |
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Term
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Definition
| one horizontal group of data attribute values in a table |
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Term
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Definition
| one vertical group of data attribute values in a table |
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Term
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Definition
| the value held in a single table cell |
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Term
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Definition
| an attribute or set of attributes, the values of which occur only once in all the rows of the table |
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Term
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Definition
| the key chosen by a database designer to represent relationships among rows in different tables |
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Term
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Definition
| an attribute that duplicates the primary key of a different (foreign) table |
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Term
| Referential Integrity Constraint |
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Definition
| a constraint, stored in the schema, that the DBMS uses to automatically enforce referential integrity |
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Term
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Definition
| a formal technique for evaluating and improving the quality of a relational database schema |
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Term
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Definition
| restriction that all rows of a table must contain the same number of columns |
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Term
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Definition
| a consistent state among foreign key and primary key values |
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Term
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Definition
| a one-to-one association between the values of two attributes |
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Term
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Definition
| restriction that a table is in 1NF and that each non-key attribute is functionally dependent on the entire primary key |
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Term
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Definition
| restriction that a table is in 2NF and that no non-key attribute is functionally dependent on any other non-key attribute |
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Term
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Definition
| the storage format and allowable content of a program variable, class, attribute, or relational database attribute or column |
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Term
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Definition
| a data type supported directly by computer hardware or a programming language |
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Term
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Definition
| combinations of or extensions to primitive data types that are supported by programming languages, operating systems, and DBMSs |
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Term
| Single Database Server Architecture |
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Definition
| one or more databases are hosted by a single DBMS running on a single server |
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Term
| Replicated Database Server Architecture |
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Definition
| complete database copies are hosted by cooperating DBMSs running on multiple servers |
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Term
| Partitioned Database Server |
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Definition
| multiple distributed database servers are used and the database schema is partitioned, with some content on only one server and some content copied on all servers |
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Term
| Cloud-Based Database Server Architecture |
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Definition
| use of a cloud computing service provider to provide some or all database services |
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Term
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Definition
| updating one database copy with changes made to other database copies |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that rejects invalid data inputs, prevents unauthorized data outputs, and protects data and programs against accidental or malicious tampering |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that prevents invalid or erroneous data from entering the system |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that checks numeric data input to ensure that the value is reasonable |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that ensures that all required data values describing an object or transaction are present |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that ensures that numeric fields that contain codes or identifiers are correct |
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Term
| Field Combination Control |
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Definition
| a control that reviews combinations of data inputs to ensure that the correct data are entered |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that restricts which person or programs can add, modify, or view information resources |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique by which any update to the database is logged with such audit information as user ID, date, time, input data, and type of update |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that prevents errors that can occur when multiple programs try to update the same data at the same time or when recording a single transaction requires multiple related database updates |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that ensures that output arrives at the proper destination and in accurate, current, and complete |
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Term
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Definition
| model of fraud that states that opportunity, motivation, and rationalization must all exist for a fraud to occur |
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Term
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Definition
| a control that protects the assets of an organization from all threats, with a primary focus on external threats |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of identifying users who request access to sensitive resources |
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Term
| Multifactor Authentication |
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Definition
| using multiple authentication methods for increased reliability |
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Term
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Definition
| a list attached or linked to a specific resource that describes users or user groups and the nature of permitted access |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of allowing or restricting a specific authenticated user's access to a specific resource based on an access control list |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who isn't allowed access to any part or functions of the system |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who is authorized to access the system |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who has access to the source code, executable program, and database structure of the system |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of altering data so unauthorized users can't view them |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of converting encrypted data back to their original state |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex mathematical transformation that encrypts or decrypts binary data |
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Term
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Definition
| a binary input to the encryption algorithm - typically a long string of bits |
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Term
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Definition
| encryption method that uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt the data |
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Term
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Definition
| security measure that automatically deletes sensitive data from a portable device when unauthorized accesses are attempted |
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Term
| Asymmetric Key Encryption |
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Definition
| encryption method that uses different keys to encrypt and decrypt the data |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of asymmetric key encryption that uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique in which a document is encrypted by using a private key to verify who wrote the document |
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Term
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Definition
| an institution's name and public key (plus other information, such as address, Web site URL, and validity date of the certificate) encrypted and certified by a third party |
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Term
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Definition
| a widely accepted issuer of digital certificates |
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Term
| Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) |
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Definition
| a standard set of methods and protocols that address authentication, authorization, privacy, and integrity |
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Term
| Transport Layer Security (TLS) |
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Definition
| an internet standard equivalent to SSL |
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Term
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Definition
| an internet standard for secure transmission of low-level network packets |
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Term
| Secure Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTPS) |
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Definition
| an internet standard for securely transmitting Web pages |
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