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Chapter 12
Life 102 Chapter 12
30
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/17/2011

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Term
Cell Division
Definition
The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
The life of a cell from formation to its own division
Term
Genome
Definition
All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell's
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
What the DNA molecules in a cell are packed into
Term
Somatic Cells
Definition
(non-reproductive cells) have two sets of chromosomes
Term
Gametes
Definition
(reproductive cells: sperm and eggs)have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells
Term
Chromatin
Definition
A complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
Term
Sister Chromatids
Definition
Duplicated chromosome
Term
Centromere
Definition
The Narrow Waist of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached
Term
Mitosis
Definition
The division of the nucleus.
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
The division of the cytoplasm
Term
Meiosis
Definition
Gametes are produced by a variation of cell division
Term
Cell Cycle (2 Phases)
Definition
Mitotic (M) Phase (mitosis and cytokinesis), Interphase (Cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division)
Term
Interphase's subphases
Definition
G1 phase (first gap), S phase (synthesis), g2 phase (second gap)
Term
Mitosis (5 phases)
Definition
Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Term
Prophase
Definition
Chromatin begins to condense, individual chromosomes become visible.
Term
Prometaphase
Definition
Nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes centromere.
Term
Metaphase
Definition
Chromosomes line up right down the middle, on the metaphase plate
Term
Anaphase
Definition
Kinetochores of the chromatids separate at the centromere, move to the side of the cell.
Term
Telophase
Definition
Spindles disappear, nuclear envelope forms around the two chromosomes on each side of the cell
Term
Mitotic Spindle
Definition
An apparatus of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis
Term
Centrosome
Definition
The microtubule organizing center
Term
Aster
Definition
Radial array of short microtubules
Term
Metaphase Plate
Definition
The midway point between the spindle's two poles
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
Creates cleaveage to split a cell in half
Term
Binary Fission
Definition
Prokaryotes reproduced by this type of cell division
Term
Describe the structural organization of the prokaryotic genome and the eukaryotic genome
Definition
Prokaryotic genome is often a single DNA molecule, eukaryotic genomes usually consist of a number of DNA molecules
Term
List the phases for the cell cycle; describe the sequence of events during each phase
Definition
G1 phase (cell grows), S phase (duplication of chromosomes), g2 phase (growth of cell), Mitotic phase (separates cells)
Term
List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase
Definition
Prophase (condense, see chromosomes), Prometaphase (nuclear envelope leaves, spindles attach), Metaphase (lines chromosomes up along the metaphase plate), Anaphase (Chromosomes split, get pulled to side of cell), Telophase (nuclear envelope surrounds kinectochores on each side of cell, separate the cell)
Term
Compare cytokinesis in animals and plants
Definition
Cytokinesis in animals occurs with a cleavage furrow, in plants they create a cell wall to split the two cells.
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