1. can produce hybrids
2. many varieties available
3. small and easy to grow
4. can self fertilize or cross fertilize

Mendel's experimental method:

1. produce __-__ strains for each trait
2. ___ ___ the alternate forms of those strains.
   (perform ___ ___ as well)
3. allow the hybrid to __-___ and record the traits

1. true-breeding
2. cross fertilized
   reciprocal crosses
3. self-fertilize

a cross to study only 2 variations of a single trait

Mendel produced ___-___ pea strains for 7 different traits

• each trait has _ alternate forms
• mendel __-___ the true-breeding strains

true breeding

• 2
• cross-fertilized

F1 Generation (1st filial generation):

For every trait Mendel studied,

all F1 plants resembled...

• no plants w/ characteristics ____ b/t 2 parents were produced.

only 1 parent

• intermediate

1:2:1

true-breeding dominant:

not-true-breeding dominant:

true-breeding recessive

the probability of

2 mutually exclusive events

occuring simultaneously

is the SUM of their individual probabilities

The probability of

2 independent events

occuring simultaneously

is the PRODUCT of their individual probabilities

Testcross is...

Cross an unknown, dominant genotype with a ___ ___

a cross used to determine the genotype of an individual with dominant phenotype

homozygous recessive

Mendel's model of inheritance assumes:

• each trait is controlled by a __ ___
• the gene has only __ alleles
• there is a clear relationship b/t ___ and __ alleles

• single gene
• 2
• dominant and recessive

continuous variation

quantitative traits

Pleiotropy

examples?

refers to an allele which has more than one effect on phenotype

cystic fibrosis,

sickle cell anemia

the heterozygote intermediate in a phenotype b/t 2 homozygotes

ie: red dominant, white recessive => pink intermediate

What to things does the human ABO blood group system demonstrate?

1. multiple alleles (IA,IB, and i)
2. Codominance