Term
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Definition
| structures where sensory signals originate |
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Term
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Definition
| a sensory neuron with all its ramifications in the periphery & in the CNS |
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Term
| Are the receptive fields larger at higher or at lower levels of the CNS? |
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Definition
| higher (because of convergence) |
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Definition
| the part of the body or the environment from which a sensory neuron samples information |
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Definition
| the certain kind of stimulus energy to which sensory receptors are built to respond preferentially |
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Definition
| a graded depolarization of the receptor membrane; produced by activation |
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Term
| 3 ways to classify receptors |
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Definition
1. adequate stimulus
2. degree of adaptation
3. the site from which they collect information |
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Term
| What is the difference between proprioceptors & exteroceptors? |
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Definition
proprioceptors = receptors in the muscles & connective tissue
exteroceptors = capture information from our surroundings |
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Definition
| inform about stimuli arising in the visceral organs |
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| Do the majority of receptors adapt rapidly & convey sensory information that is heavily censored on its way to the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are receptive fields dynamic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can the context of a stimulus affect the size of a receptive field? |
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Definition
| yes! (for example, focused attention reduces the receptive fields of neurons in the visual cortex) |
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Term
| 2 ways that receptive fields can change |
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Definition
1. specific training
2. lesions that alter the sensory inputs to the CNS |
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Term
| Is the effect of the stimulus on ion channel openings graded like a synaptic potential? |
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Definition
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Term
| transient receptor potential (TRP) channels |
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Definition
| a large family of cation channels upon which activation of receptor potentials in a variety of receptors depend (although dozens of receptors & ion channels are involved) |
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Term
| How are many receptors depolarized? |
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Definition
| the binding of a specific chemical substance to the membrane |
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Term
| Must a chemical act directly on TRP channel proteins to activate them? |
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Definition
| no! (can act indirectly also via G protein-coupled receptors) |
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Term
| Can receptors be particularly sensitive to temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of TRP channel would be activated by exposure to methanol on the skin (hint: methanol produces a cooling sensation)? |
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Definition
| TRP channels that are expressed in cold-sensitive receptors |
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Term
| When a particular kind of receptor is stimulated with sufficient intensity to cause a consciously perceived sensation, do we always get the same kind (modality) of sensory experience? (i.e. light, touch, pressure, warmth, pain, or sound) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the nature of a sensory modality; ex) pain is a sensory modality that may have a burning quality |
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Term
| Can receptors respond to stimuli of multiple kinds? |
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Definition
| yes! (threshold is then much higher for evoking a response) |
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Term
| Irritation of the _____ leading from the receptor will also evoke the same sensory modality as when the receptor is stimulated by its adequate stimulus |
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Definition
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Definition
| a large group of receptors that respond primarily to distortion of the tissue in which they lie & thus inform the CNS about mechanical stimuli |
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Definition
| receptors in the retina that respond to visible light |
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Definition
| respond most easily to warming or cooling of the tissue in which they lie |
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Definition
| a receptor that continues to produce action potentials with a constant frequency as long as the stimulus is constant |
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Definition
| pain receptor; receptors that, when stimulated, produce pain |
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Term
| Much like stimulation of cold receptors causes a feeling of coldness, stimulation of _____ gives a feeling of warmth |
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Definition
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