Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 12
David G. Myers Psychology
47
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
11/02/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Personality
Definition
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Term
Sigmund Frued
Definition
Very influential psychologist, started psychoanalysis
Term
Psychodynamic Theories
Definition
View personality with a focus on the unconcious and the inportance of childhood experinces (Jung, Adler, Horney)
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to uncouncious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconcious tensions
Term
Unconcious
Definition
According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemperory psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware
Term
Free Association
Definition
In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconcious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarassing
Term
id
Definition
A reservoir of uncouncious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
Term
Ego
Definition
The largely concious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realisitically bring pleasure rather than pain
Term
Superego
Definition
The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the concience) and for future aspirations
Term
Psychosexual stages
Definition
The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
Term
Oral Stage
Definition
(0-18 months) Pleasure centers on the mouth - sucking, biting, chewing
Term
Anal Stage
Definition
(18-36 Months) Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control
Term
Phallic Stage
Definition
(3-6 Years) Pleasure zone is in the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings
Term
Latency Stage
Definition
(6-Puberty) A phase of dormant sexual feelings
Term
Genital Stage
Definition
(Puberty on) Maturation of sexual interests
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for his rival father
Term
Identification
Definition
The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos
Term
Fixation
Definition
According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in whcih conflicts were unresolved
Term
Defense Mechanisms
Definition
In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconciously distorting reality
Term
Repression
Definition
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
Term
Regression
Definition
Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
Term
Reaction Formation
Definition
Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites
Term
Projection
Definition
Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Term
Rationalization
Definition
Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconcious reasons for one's actions
Term
Displacement
Definition
Shifting sexual or aggressive impluses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
Term
Denial
Definition
Refusing to believe or even percieve painful realities
Term
Collective Unconcious
Definition
Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history
Term
Projective Test
Definition
A personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
Term
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Definition
The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Herman Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner felings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots
Term
Humanistic Theories
Definition
View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth (Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow)
Term
Slef-actualization
Definition
According to Abraham Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basical physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Term
Unconditional Positive Regard
Definition
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
Term
Self-concept
Definition
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question "Who am I?"
Term
Trait
Definition
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports (Allport, Eysenck, McCrae, Costa)
Term
Personal Inventory
Definition
A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits
Term
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Definition
The most widely researched and clinically used of all peronality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, now is used for many other purposes as well
Term
Empirically Derived Test
Definition
A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
Term
Social-cognitive perspective
Definition
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context (Bandura)
Term
Reciprocal Determinism
Definition
The interacting influences of behavior, internal congnition, and environment
Term
Self
Definition
In contemperory psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts and feelings and actions
Term
Spotlight Effect
Definition
Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our apearance, performance, and blunders
Term
Self-Esteem
Definition
One's feelings of high or low self-worth
Term
Self-efficacy
Definition
One's sense of competence and effectiveness
Term
Self-serving Bias
Definition
A readiness to percieve oneself favorably
Term
Narcissism
Definition
Excessive self-love and self-absorption
Term
Individualism
Definition
Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Term
Collectivism
Definition
Giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly
Supporting users have an ad free experience!