Term
|
Definition
| the study of how people think about, influences, and relate to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
voluntarily yielding to social norms
can happen at the expense of one's own preferences
can affect us both positively and negatively
example: The Asch Experiment (youtube video) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness rather than on assessing the facts of the problem
example: group projects where a bad idea is presented and no one in the group objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when individuals change their behavior as a result of another person requesting them to do so
the person asking for the behavioral change does not have authority over the individual, but they may change regardless |
|
|
Term
| the four compliance techniques |
|
Definition
1. foot-in-the-door technique
2. door-in-the-face technique
3. lowball technique
4. that's-not-all technique |
|
|
Term
| the foot-in-the-door technique |
|
Definition
a compliance technique
the process of asking for a small commitment and then later for a larger commitment |
|
|
Term
| the door-in-the-face technique |
|
Definition
a compliance technique
the process of asking for a large commitment and then later for a smaller commitment
example: charity worker in front of store first asks you to volunteer fifty hours a week (large commitment), which you decline, then they ask you to donate a dollar (smaller commitment) for their charity, which you accept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a compliance technique
the process of getting a commitment from someone and then raising the cost of that commitment
example: agree to watch someone's cat but later find out the job entails much more than just feeding it |
|
|
Term
| the that's-not-all technique |
|
Definition
a compliance technique
the persuader makes an offer and then adds something extra to the offer to make it look better
example: infomercials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process of changing one's behavior in response to a command from an authority figure
example: a child cleans their room when requested by their mother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formerly the "risky shift" phenomenon
the tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions than individuals not involved in a group
example: members of the jury have a less extreme position but after deliberation, they all have more extreme positions |
|
|
Term
| group polarization is due to two characteristics |
|
Definition
1. social comparison
2. informational social influence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a cause of group polarization
the need for individuals to act in ways they believe make them socially desirable and to compare favorably with others |
|
|
Term
| informational social influence |
|
Definition
a cause of group polarization
the tendency to take our cues for appropriate behavior from others, when we are in an ambiguous situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency for the presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency for the presence of other people to have a negative impact on the performance of a difficult task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the tendency for people to put in less effort when working with others on a simple task
however, lazy people tend to work better alone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the act of assigning someone you just met into a category
it is done automatically, as opposed to being effortful
can result in a stereotype
does not consider the variations of one individual to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when an individual is aware of stereotypical expectations for themselves as a member of a particular group
in stereotype-relevant situations, people "live down" to those expectations
- people underperform
example: teacher mentions a stereotype about boys being better at math than girls, making the girls aware and therefore underperform |
|
|
Term
the 'A' of the ABC model of attitudes:
the Affective component |
|
Definition
part of the ABC Model of Attitudes
the emotional component
the way a person feels toward the object, person, or situation
example: one who likes country music would feel it is fun and uplifting |
|
|
Term
the 'B' of the ABC model of attitudes:
the Behavior component |
|
Definition
part of the ABC Model of Attitudes
the action a person takes in regard to the person, object, or situation
example: one who likes country music would turn up the radio, purchase CDs, attend concerts, etc. |
|
|
Term
the 'C' of the ABC model of attitudes:
the Cognitive component |
|
Definition
part of the ABC Model of Attitudes
the way a person thinks about themselves, an object, or a situation
--> the thoughts are beliefs and ideas about the focus of the attitude
example: one who likes country music might believe it is superior to all other musical genres |
|
|
Term
| The ABC Model of Attitudes |
|
Definition
- Affective component
- Behavior component
- Cognitive component
attitudes are actually poor predictors of behavior since what people say and do can be different, depending on the situation
example: doctors have the attitude that you should do everything possible to maintain good health, however some smoke cigarettes, fail to exercise, and/or get little sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process of explaining one's own behavior and the behavior of others
two types:
1. situational cause
2. dispositional cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a type of attribution
the cause of behavior is attributed to external factors
example: "she is late because she is stuck in traffic, not because she is lazy and forgetful." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a type of attribution
the cause of behavior is attributed to internal factors
example: "she is late because she is inconsiderate and lazy." |
|
|
Term
| the attribution fundamental error |
|
Definition
process of where you:
- underestimate the impact of the situation
AND
- overestimate the impact of personal dispositions/traits of another's behavior
this occurs because when we think of others, we do not know their situational factors so we rely on their dispositions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a sense of discomfort/distress that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to their attitudes
example: i am at a discomfort because i was able to recycle in Texas (my attitudes) but now i can't recycle in Louisiana (my behaviors) |
|
|
Term
| ways to reduce cognitive dissonance |
|
Definition
- change the behavior to fit the attitude
OR
- change the attitude to fit the behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a way to overcome prejudices
occurs when there is contact between groups of equal status; no group has power over another
example: "Robber's Cave": experiment performed at a boy's summer camp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a way to overcome prejudices
an educational technique where individual students are each given only one part of the information needed to solve a problem, where they are forced to...collaborate and listen! |
|
|
Term
| Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love |
|
Definition
Intimacy
--> liking
Passion
--> infatuation
Commitment
--> empty love |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
part of sternberg's love theory
it is a liking and a feeling of closeness
psychologically close to others (sharing stories, talking, etc.)
close friends |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
part of sternberg's love theory
infatuation
physical aspect of love
the love portrayed in romantic movies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
empty love
the decisions one makes about a relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a combination of intimacy and passion that occurs at the beginning stages of a relationship
a western ideal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a combination of intimacy and commitment
- sweet love, what love eventually turns to
considered more sensible than the crazy, romantic love, in non-western cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the act of helping someone in need with no expectation of reward
some psychologists argue it does not exist, that people always expect some sort of level of benefit |
|
|
Term
| bystander effect: kitty genovese |
|
Definition
raped and killed at 3 in the morning
no one called for help until the attack was over |
|
|
Term
| bystander effect: lashanda calloway |
|
Definition
| stabbed on a commercial ship while five people ignored it and continued to shop and another individual took a picture |
|
|
Term
| bystander effect: 15 year-old girl at her homecoming dance in 2009 |
|
Definition
raped by ten students outside her homecoming dance
twenty students witnessed, but did nothing to help |
|
|
