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Chapter 12
JUVENILE JUSTICE: A SPECIAL CASE
16
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 1
10/28/2012

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Term
JUVENILE DELINQUENT
Definition
A PERSON UNDER LEGAL AGE WHOM A JUVENILE COURT HAS DETERMINED TO BE INCORRIGIBLE OR IN VIOLATION OF A CRIMINAL STATUTE.
Term
JUVENILE
Definition
A YOUNG PERSON UNDER AGE FOR CERTAIN PRIVILEGES, SUCH AS VOTING OR DRINKING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, IF ACCUSED OF A CRIMINAL OR JUVENILE OFFENSE, A JUVENILE USUALLY IS NOT TRIED BY AN ADULT CRIMINAL COURT BUT IS PROCESSED IN THE JUVENILE COURT.
Term
PARENS PATRIAE
Definition
LITERALLY, "PARENT OF THE COUNTRY." THE DOCTRINE FROM ENGLISH COMMON LAW THAT WAS THE BASIS FOR ALLOWING THE STATE TO TAKE OVER GUARDIANSHIP OF A CHILD. IN TH UNITED STATES, THE DOCTRINE FORMS THE BASIS FOR JUVENILE COURT JURISDICTION. THE DOCTRINE PRESUMES THAT THE STATE ACTS IN THE BEST INTRESTS OF THE CHILD.
Term
STATUS OFFENSE
Definition
A CLASS OF CRIME THAT DOES NOT CONSIST OF PROSCRBED ACTION OR INACTION BUT, RATER, OF THE PERSONAL CONDITON OR CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ACCUSED-FOR EXAMPLE, BEING A VAGRANT, IN JUVENILE LAW, A VARIETY OF ACTS THAT WOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED CRIMINAL IF COMMITTED BY AN ADULT-FOR EXAMPLE, BEING INSUBORDINATE OR TRUANT OR RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME.
Term
DETENTION CENTERS
Definition
FACILITIES FOR THE TEMPORARY CONFINEMENT OF PERSONS IN CUSTODY WHO ARE AWAITING COURT DISPOSITION.
Term
JUVENILE COURT
Definition
THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER JUVENILES WHO ARE ACCUSED OF DELINQUENT ACTS OR OFFENSES OR CRIMINAL ACTS OR WHO ARE IN NEED OF SUPERVISION BECAUSE THEY ARE BEING NEGLECTED OR MISTREATED BY THEIR PARENTS OR GUARDIANS.
Term
PETITION
Definition
A FORMAL DOCUMENT FOR FILING AN ACTION IN JUVENILE COURT, IN CONTRAST TO A GRAND JURY INDICTMENT OR A PROSECTOR'S PRESENTMENT IN THE CRIMINAL COURT.
Term
DETENTION
Definition
TO ASSURE THE PRESENCE OF THE ACCUSED AT TRIAL.
Term
ADJUDICATION
Definition
THE PROCESS OF DECISION MAKING BY A COURT. NORMALLY USED TO REFER TO JUVENILLE PROCEEDINGS. THE TERM IS ALSO USED TO REFER TO RULE ENFORCEMENT BY ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES.
Term
DISPOSITION
Definition
IN A JUVENILE COURT, THE FINAL DECISION REGARDING THE LEGAL STATUS OF A CHILD OR A JUVENILE UNDER THAT COURT'S JURISDICTION.
Term
DELINQUENCY
Definition
A PERSON UNDER THE LEGAL AGE LIMIT
Term
DIVERSION
Definition
THE REMOVAL OF THE OFFENDER FROM THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDING BEFORE OR AFTER GUILT IS DETERMINES AND DISPOSTION THROUGH OTHER PROCEDURES, SUCH AS WORK RELEASE, DRUG TREATMENT, OR COMMUNITY SERVICE.
Term
INTAKE DECISION
Definition
IN PROSECUTION, THE FIRST REVIEW OF A CASE BY AN OFFICIAL IN H PROSECUTER'S OFFICE. WEAK CASES MAY BE WEEDED OUT AT THIS STAGE, IN JUVENILE COURTS, THE RECEPTION OF A JUVENILE AGAINST WHOM COMPLAINTS HAVE BEEN MADE. THE DECISION TO DISMISS OR PROCEED WITH A CASE I MADE AT THIS STAGE.
Term
CERTIFICATION
Definition
THE PROCESS USED TO REMOVE JUVENILES FROM THE JURISDICTION OF THE JUVENILE COURT TO THAT OF THE ADULT CRIMINAL COURT. ALSO CALLED TRANSFER OR WAIVER.
Term
TRAINING SCHOOL
Definition
A SECURE CORRECTION FACILITY TO WHICH JUVENILES ARE CONFINED BY COURT ORDER.
Term
AFTERCARE
Definition
THE CONTINUED SUPERVISON OF JUVENILES AFTER THEY ARE RELEASED FROM A CORRECTIONAL FACILITY. SIMILAR TO THE TERM PAROLE IN ADULT CRIMINAL COURT SYSTEMS.
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