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| Automatic External Defibrillator - portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient and is able to treat them through defibrillation |
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| Irregularity or loss of rhythm |
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| Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Usually oxygenated blood with the exception of the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart |
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| Atrioventricular Node - part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates heart rate. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers |
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| Period of time when the heart refills with blood after systole (contraction) |
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| Ejection Fraction - fraction of blood pumped out of the right and left ventricles with each heart beat |
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| Hypertension - High blood pressure |
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| Necrotic area of tissue following cessation of blood supply |
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| Decreased or loss of blood flow |
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| Shortness of breath which occurs when laying flat |
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| A rapid or irregular heart beat |
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| Inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest (the pleura) that leads to chest pain (usually sharp) when you take a breath or cough |
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| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea - sudden, severe shortness of breath that wakes a person up from sleep |
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| Sinoatrial Node - the impulse-generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm |
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| Refers to the period of time when the heart contracts |
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| Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Usually deoxygenated blood with the exception of the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood towards the heart |
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| Unusual sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction in an artery caused by buildup of plaque or damage to vessels (turbulent flow) |
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| A sound made in the blood vessels of the neck resulting from turbulent blood flow caused by buildup of plaque or damage to vessels |
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| Short, high-pitched sounds heard on auscultation |
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| Swelling of tissue due to excess accumulation of fluid |
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| demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area by depressing the skin with a finger |
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| Extra heart sound, called S3 or S4, dependent upon where in the cycle this added sound comes |
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| Jugular Vein Distension - visible bulging of jugular veins |
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| Extra heart sounds that are produced as a result of turbulent blood flow that is sufficient to produce audible noise. Rated on a scale of 1/6 to 6/6 |
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| Normal Sinus Rhythm - The sinus node generates an electrical impulse, which travels through the right and left atrial muscles producing electrical changes, which is represented on the electrocardiogram (ECG) by the p-wave. The electrical impulse then continue to travel through specialized tissue known as the atrioventricular node, which conducts electricity at a slower pace. This will create a pause (PR interval) before the ventricles are stimulated. This pause is helpful since it allows blood to be emptied into the ventricles from the atria prior to ventricular contraction to propel blood out into the body. The ventricular contraction is represented electrically on the ECG by the QRS complex of waves. This is followed by the T-wave which represents the electrical changes in the ventricles as they are relaxing. |
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| Tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed against a bone, such as at the neck (carotid artery), at the wrist (radial artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), on the inside of the elbow (brachial artery), and near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery). Rated on a scale of 1+ to 4+ |
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| Chest pain that is elicited by palpating the chest |
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| Sound that resembles the sound of squeaky leather and often is described as grating, scratching, or rasping heard on auscultation |
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| Two normal heart sounds often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur in sequence with each heart beat |
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| Atrial Fibrillation - chaotic electrical activity in the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart result in the muscle fibrillating (i.e. quivering) instead of achieving coordinated contraction |
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| Atrial Flutter - abnormal heart rhythm that occurs in the atria of the heart |
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| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - localized dilatation (ballooning) of the abdominal aorta exceeding the normal diameter by more than 50 percent, and is the most common form of aortic aneurysm |
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| Invasive procedure used to remove a faulty electrical pathway from the hearts of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
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| Widening of a blood vessel due to pressure on weakened tissues causing formation of a sac of blood |
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| Chest discomfort caused by poor blood flow through the blood vessels (coronary vessels) of the heart muscle (myocardium) |
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| Technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel, the latter typically being a result of atherosclerosis, includes use of balloons, stents, and atherectomy devices |
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| Occurs when a tear in the inner wall of the aorta causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aora and force the layers apart |
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| State of no cardiac activity |
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| Occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structures called plaques |
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| Bundle Branch Block - refers to a defect of the heart's electrical conduction system that can be seen on an EKG |
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| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft - Procedure that returns blood flow to heart by rerouting it through a new artery or vein that is grafted around diseased sections |
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| Coronary Artery Disease - narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart |
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| Cardiac Catheterization - insertion of a catheter into a chamber of vessel of the heart. This is done for both investigational and interventional purposes |
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| State in which the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body |
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| Weakening of the myocardium (heart muscle) often associated with inadequate heart pumping |
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| Medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate or cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm, using electricity or drugs |
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| Synchronized Cardioversion |
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Definition
| Sends a therapeutic dose of electric current to the heart at a specific moment in the cardiac cycle; used to treat cardiac arrhythmias when a pulse is present |
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| Unsynchronized Cardioversion |
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Definition
| Defibrillation - used when there is no pulse present |
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Definition
| Uses antiarrhythmia medication instead of an electric shock such as Lidocaine, Adenosine or Amiodarone |
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Definition
| Congestive Heart Failure - blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs |
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Definition
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - involves chest compressions at least 5 cm deep and at a rate of at least 100 per minute in an effort to create artificial circulation by manually pumping blood through the heart |
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Definition
| Deep Vein Thrombosis - formation of a blood clot in a vein |
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| Electrocardiogram - transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body |
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Definition
| Echocardiogram - sonogram of the heart. Also called cardiac ultrasound |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the endocardium (inner layer of the heart) |
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| Heart Block - a problem that occurs with the heart's electrical system (1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree) |
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Definition
| Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator - detects ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and shocks the heart to restore normal electrical activity |
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Definition
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Definition
| Myocardial Infarction - blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. Also called heart attack |
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Definition
| Mitrial Valve Prolapse - valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart does not close properly |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle) |
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Definition
| Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction |
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Term
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Definition
| Medical device that uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart. The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because of the heart's native pacemaker is not fast enough, or there is a block in the heart's electrical conduction system |
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Definition
| Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
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| Pulmonary Embolism - blood clot that forms in a vein, travels through your bloodstream, and lodges in your lungs |
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| Inflammation of the pericardium (fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart) |
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| Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty |
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| Peripheral Vascular Disease - condition of the blood vessels that leads to narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet |
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Definition
| Right Bundle Branch Block |
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| ST elevation myocardial infarction |
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Definition
| Measures the heart's ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment; stress response is induced by exercise or drug stimulation |
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| Supraventricular Tachycardia - classifies any tachycardic rhythm originating above the AV node |
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| Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm - an aortic aneurysm that presents primarily in the thorax |
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| Transcutaneous Pacing - temporary means of pacing a patient's heart externally by delivering pulses of electric current through the patient's chest, which stimulates the heart to contract |
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Definition
| Condition in which the heart doesn't get enough blood flow and oxygen. It may lead to a heart attack |
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Definition
| Ventricular Fibrillation - uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly |
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Term
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Definition
| Ventricular Tachycardia - fast heart rhythm that originates in one of the ventricles of the heart |
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Definition
| Procedure in which a patient's failing valve is replaced with an alternate healthy valve. Valve can be affected by a range of diseases; the valve can either become leaky (insufficiency/regurgitation) or partially blocked (stenosis) |
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Definition
| Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet therapy |
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Definition
| work on chemical reactions in your body to lengthen the time it takes to form a blood clot |
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Definition
| prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot |
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Definition
| Provides a means of forced diuresis which elevates the rate of urination promoting fluid loss which decreases blood pressure |
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| Medications that open (dilate) blood vessels. They work directly on the muscles in the walls of your arteries, preventing the muscles from tightening and the walls from narrowing |
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| Constricts blood vessels to increases total peripheral resistance which increases blood pressure |
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| Heart Disease Risk Factors |
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Definition
Hypertension
High Cholesterol
Diabetes
Tobacco Use
Obesity
Family History
Age (Elderly) |
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