Term
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Definition
| deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time. |
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| Abnormal behavior is certainly atypical or statistically unusual |
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| Maladaptive behavior interferes with one's ability to function effectively in the world |
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Definition
| over a long period of time. The person engaging in the behavior finds it troubling. |
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Term
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Definition
| attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes. This perspective primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality |
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Definition
| which describes psychological disorders as medical diseases with a biological origin |
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Definition
| emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes the social contexts in which a person lives, including gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, family relationships, and culture |
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Definition
| a mark of shame that may cause others to avoid or to act negatively toward an individual |
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Term
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Definition
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
was introduced in 1994 and revised in 2000
classifies individuals on the basis of five dimensions, or axes, that take into account the individual's history and highest level of functioning in the previous year |
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Definition
| All diagnostic categories except personality disorders and mental retardation |
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Definition
| Personality disorders and mental retardation |
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Definition
General medical conditions
helps to clarify if symptoms may be rooted in physical illness. |
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Definition
| Psychosocial and environmental problems |
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Definition
Current level of functioning
Axis V, the clinician evaluates the highest level of adaptive functioning the person has attained in the preceding year in social, occupational, or school activities |
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Term
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Definition
| are concerned with the classification of psychological disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| may not be needed to diagnose a psychological disorder, but they are included so that the person's overall life situation is considered |
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Term
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
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Definition
| (ADHD), individuals show one or more of the following symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. |
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Definition
| fears that are uncontrollable, disproportionate to the actual danger the person might be in, and disruptive of ordinary life |
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Term
| Generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
different from such everyday feelings of anxiety in that sufferers experience persistent anxiety for at least 6 months and are unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety
nervous most of the time. They may worry about their work, relationships, or health. That worry can also take a physical toll and cause fatigue, muscle tension, stomach problems, and difficulty sleeping |
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Definition
however, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause
can produce severe palpitations, extreme shortness of breath, chest pains, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a feeling of helplessness |
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Term
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Definition
| an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation—an anxiety disorder called a phobic disorder |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive disorder |
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Definition
| (OCD) features anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation |
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Term
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Definition
| are recurrent thoughts, and compulsions are recurrent behaviors. |
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Term
| Post-traumatic stress disorder |
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Definition
| (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that has overwhelmed the person's abilities to cope |
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Term
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Definition
| can make the person lose touch with reality and reenact the event for seconds, hours, or, very rarely, days |
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Definition
| psychological disorders in which there is a primary disturbance of mood: prolonged emotion that colors the individual's entire emotional state. |
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Definition
| mood disorders in which the individual suffers from depression: an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life |
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Term
| major depressive disorder |
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Definition
| (MDD) involves a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| (DD) is a mood disorder that is generally more chronic and has fewer symptoms than MDD |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual's acquisition of feelings of powerlessness when exposed to aversive circumstances, such as prolonged stress, over which the individual has no control |
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Definition
| their attempts to explain what caused something to happen |
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Definition
| is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state. |
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Term
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Definition
| an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation. Anorexia nervosa is much more common in girls and women than boys and men and affects between 0.5 and 3.7 percent of young women |
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Term
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Definition
| an eating disorder in which an individual (typically a girl or woman) consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern. The individual goes on an eating binge and then purges by self-induced vomiting or the use of laxatives |
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Definition
| (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food during which the person feels a lack of control over eating |
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Definition
| psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity. Under extreme stress or shock, the individual's conscious awareness becomes dissociated (separated or split) from previous memories and thoughts |
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Definition
| is characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| (fugue means “flight”) is a dissociative disorder in which the individual not only develops amnesia but also unexpectedly travels away from home and sometimes assumes a new identity. |
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Term
| Dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
| (DID) Individuals with this disorder have two or more distinct personalities or identities. Each identity has its own memories, behaviors, and relationships |
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Definition
| severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered thought processes. These disordered thoughts are referred to as psychotic because they are far removed from reality |
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Definition
| They are “positive” because they reflect something added above and beyond normal behavior. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and disorders of movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. Hallucinations are usually auditory—the person might complain of hearing voices—or visual and much less commonly can take the form of smells or tastes |
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Definition
| are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture. A delusional person might think that he is Jesus Christ or Muhammad. |
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Definition
| which means giving personal meaning to completely random events. |
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Definition
| refers to the unusual, sometimes bizarre thought processes that are characteristic positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| A person with schizophrenia may show unusual mannerisms, body movements, and facial expressions. |
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Definition
| immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time |
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Definition
| reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions. |
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Definition
| display of little or no emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of biogenetic disposition and stress causes schizophrenia |
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Term
| Antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| is a psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit. |
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Term
| borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
(BPD) is a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.
BPD is related to self-harming behaviors such as cutting |
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