Term
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Definition
Mech: Enhances GABA by blocking re-uptake into presynaptic neurons; INHIBITS GAT-1
APP: Focal tonic-clonic seizures (adjunct)
AE: Unexplained sudden death, psychosis, depression, sedation |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: Blocks GABA Conversion (BLOCKS GABA TRANSAMINASE) and increases intracellular GABA and increased secretion of GABA into the synaptic cleft
APP: Focal tonic-clonis seizures (adjunct)
AE: Retinal Atrophy, angioedema |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: Activates GABA receptor
APP: USED ONLY IN EXPERIMENTS
TC: derived from hallucinogenic Amanita Muscara mushrooms |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: Activates GABA receptor
Investigational agent for treatment of insomnia |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: Competitive Antagonist of GABA receptor
APP: EXPERIMENTAL use only
TC: Produce epileptic convulsions |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: Non-competitive Antagonist of GABA receptor
APP: EXPERIMENTAL use only
TC: Produce epileptic convulsions |
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Term
| Clorazepate (short acting) and Chlordiazepoxide (long lasting) |
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Definition
Mech:Weak allosteric agonist of the GABA receptor (INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF RECEPTOR OPENING)
APP: ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL and ANXIETY
AE: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, AGITATION, apnea desaturation in pediatric patients |
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Term
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Definition
Mech:Weak allosteric agonist of the GABA receptor (INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF RECEPTOR OPENING)
APP: Focal and tonic-clonic seizures, Status epilepticus, and Amnesia induction
AE: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, AGITATION, apnea desaturation in pediatric patients |
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Term
| Short acting Benzodiazepine |
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Definition
| Clorazepate, Midazolam, Triazolam, Zolpidem |
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Term
| Zolpidem (slow), Estazolam and Temazepam (intermediate), and Flurazepam and Quazepam (long lasting) |
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Definition
Mech:Weak allosteric agonist of the GABA receptor (INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF RECEPTOR OPENING
APP: Insomnia
AE: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, AGITATION, apnea desaturation in pediatric patients |
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Term
| Intermediate acting Benzodiazepine |
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Definition
| Alprazolam, Estazolam, Lorazepam, Temazapam |
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Term
| Alprazolam (Intermediate acting) |
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Definition
Mech: Weak allosteric agonist of the GABA receptor (INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF RECEPTOR OPENING)
APP: Anxiety
AE: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, AGITATION, apnea desaturation in pediatric patients
Contra: Glaucomas
TC: Decreased levels when used with Carbamazepine and phenobarbital
TC: Patients with impaired hepatic function may experience prolonged effects |
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Term
| Lorazelam (Intermediate acting) |
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Definition
APP: Focal tonic-clonic seizures, STATUS EPILEPTICUS, Amnesia induction, Anxiety, INSOMNIA
Mech: Weak allosteric agonist of the GABA receptor (INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF RECEPTOR OPENING)
AE: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, AGITATION, apnea desaturation in pediatric patients
Contra: Glaucomas
TC: Decreased levels when used with Carbamazepine and phenobarbital
TC: Patients with impaired hepatic function may experience prolonged effects |
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Term
| Clonazepam (long lasting) |
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Definition
APP: Absence seizures, Anxiety,
Mech: Weak allosteric agonist of the GABA receptor (INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF RECEPTOR OPENING)
AE: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, AGITATION, apnea desaturation in pediatric patients
Contra: Glaucomas
TC: Decreased levels when used with Carbamazepine and phenobarbital
TC: Patients with impaired hepatic function may experience prolonged effects |
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Term
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Definition
APP: Focal clonic-tonic seizures, Amnesia induction, Anxiety, Alcohol withdrawal
Mech: Weak allosteric agonist of the GABA receptor (INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF RECEPTOR OPENING)
AE: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, AGITATION, apnea desaturation in pediatric patients
Contra: Glaucomas
TC: Decreased levels when used with Carbamazepine and phenobarbital
TC: Patients with impaired hepatic function may experience prolonged effects |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: Benzodiazepine antagonist
APP: Reverse effects of benzodiazepines
AE: Seizure, cardiac arrhythmias, and diaphoresis
CI: Trycyclic antidepressant overdose
CI: intracranial hypertension
TC: If patient is addicted to benzodiazepines then the drug can induce a severe withdrawal syndrome |
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Term
| Methohexital and Thiopental |
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Definition
Mech: At high levels acts as a GABA receptor agonist
APP: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia
AE: SJ syndrome, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, osteopenia
CI: Porphyria, Severe liver dysfunction, respiratory disease
TC: Metabolism increased with P450 activators (thiopental) |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: At high levels acts as a GABA receptor agonist
APP: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia, Insomnia, Status epileptics
AE: SJ syndrome, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, osteopenia
CI: Porphyria, Severe liver dysfunction, respiratory disease
TC: Metabolism increased with P450 activators (thiopental) |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: At high levels acts as a GABA receptor agonist
APP: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia, Insomnia, and INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
AE: SJ syndrome, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, osteopenia
CI: Porphyria, Severe liver dysfunction, respiratory disease
TC: Metabolism increased with P450 activators (thiopental) |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: At high levels acts as a GABA receptor agonist
APP: Insomnia
AE: SJ syndrome, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, osteopenia
CI: Porphyria, Severe liver dysfunction, respiratory disease
TC: Metabolism increased with P450 activators (thiopental) |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: At high levels acts as a GABA receptor agonist
APP: Status epilepticus, Insomnia
AE: SJ syndrome, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, osteopenia
CI: Porphyria, Severe liver dysfunction, respiratory disease
TC: Metabolism increased with P450 activators (thiopental) |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: At high levels acts as a GABA receptor agonist
APP: Refractory epilepsy (especially tonic-clonic seizures), Insomnia
AE: SJ syndrome, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, osteopenia
CI: Porphyria, Severe liver dysfunction, respiratory disease
TC: Metabolism increased with P450 activators (thiopental)
TC: Undergoes both renal and hepatic clearance |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: modulation of ion channels in GABA
APP: Induction of anesthesia
AE: Cardiovascular and respiratory depression
TC: Mild cardiopulmonary depression |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: modulation of ion channels in GABA
APP: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia
AE: Cardiovascular and respiratory depression
TC: Mild cardiopulmonary depression
TC: USEFUL IN SHORT DAY-SURGERY |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: GABA receptor agonist
APP: Spasticity
AE: Coma, seizures, constipation, and death after abrupt withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: NMDA receptor antagonist and black voltage-gated sodium channels
APP: ALS
AE: Neutropenia, cardiac arrest, hepatotoxicity, and respiratory depression
TC: Prolongs survival and decreases progression |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: NMDA receptor antagonist
APP: Alzheimer's Disease
AE: Hypertension, constipation, dizziness, and headache
TC: Slows progression |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: NMDA receptor antagonist
APP: Parkinson's and Influenze A prophylaxis and infection
AE: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, suicidal ideation, orthostatic hypotension, insomnia, and hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: NMDA receptor antagonist and black voltage-gated sodium channels
APP: Focal tonic-clonic seizures, atypical absence seizures, and Bipolar 1 disorders
AE: SJ syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, bone marrow suppression, amnesia, and angioedema
TC: BLOCKS VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNELS (REDUCING CONDUCTANCE), 3rd DRUG OF CHOICE FOR ABSENCE SEIZURES |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: NMDA receptor antagonist and black voltage-gated sodium channels
APP: Refractory epilepsy (especially focal tonic-clonic seizures)
AE: SJ syndrome, aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, hepatic necrosis, amnesia, and angioedema
TC: BLOCKS VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNELS (REDUCING CONDUCTANCE)
TC: Lacks the behavioral changes of other NMDA antagonists
TC: LIMITED TO PATIENTS WITH EXTREMELY REFRACTORY EPILEPSY |
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