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Chapter 12
Digestive System
116
Medical
Professional
10/24/2010

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Term
alimentary canal
Definition
the digestive tract, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Term
antibody
Definition
antibodies contained in saliva that act as antibacterial agents
Term
bilirubin
Definition
waste produced by worn out RBCs breaking down
Term
cardiac sphincter
Definition
the ring-like muscle between the esophagus and stomach that controls blood flow
Term
colon (aka large intestine)
Definition
large intestine; divisible into the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
Term
common bile duct
Definition
tube that transports bile from the liver to the gallbladder
Term
deglutition
Definition
swallowing
Term
duodenal
Definition
adjective form of duodenum used in the terms naming some digestive system disorders
Term
duodenum
Definition
segment of the small intestive connecting with the stomach
Term
esophagus
Definition
the part of the digestive tract between the pharynx and the stomach
Term
fundus
Definition
the part of the stomach lying above the cardia notch
Term
gallbladder
Definition
small pear-shaped organ that stores bile
Term
gastric
Definition
adjective form of stomach
Term
gastrointestinal tract
Definition
the alimentary canal; also, simply, the GI tract
Term
ileocecal sphincter
Definition
muscular ring that separates the distal portion of the ileum and the beginning of the cecum (large intestine)
Term
ileum
Definition
the longest segment of the small intestine, which leads into the large intestine
Term
intestine (both small and large)
Definition
the small intestine is divisible into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; the large intestine comprises the cecum, coon, rectum, and anus
Term
jejunum
Definition
eight foot long segment of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
Term
pancreas
Definition
organ of the digestive system that has both exocrine and endocrine functions; secretes enzymes that aid in digestion
Term
pancreatic
Definition
adjective for pancreas
Term
peristalis
Definition
wave-like muscular contractions that move food along in the digestive tract
Term
pharynx
Definition
passageway just below the nasal cavity and mouth
Term
pyloric sphincter
Definition
ring muscle between the stomach and duodenum
Term
salivary glands
Definition
collectively, the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular salivary glands
Term
stoma
Definition
an artificial opening
Term
stomach
Definition
digestive organ composed of four parts: the fundus, the cardia, the body, and the antrum
Term
anorexia
Definition
loss of appetite
Term
appendicitis
Definition
inflammation of the appendix
Term
ascites
Definition
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Term
bruxism
Definition
involuntary grinding of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep
Term
bulimia
Definition
eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting and misuse of laxatives
Term
cholangiolitis
Definition
inflammation of the bile ducts
Term
cholecystitis
Definition
inflammation of the gallbladder
Term
cholecystopathy
Definition
any diseaase of the gallbladder
Term
choledocholithiasis
Definition
inflammation of the bile duct caused by gall stones
Term
cholelithiasis
Definition
formation or presence of stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
Term
cirrhosis
Definition
chronic disease of the liver
Term
colitis
Definition
inflammation of the colon
Term
constipation
Definition
decrease in the frequency of bowel movements, difficulty in passing stools, and/or hard dry stools
Term
Crohn disease
Definition
chronic inflammation of part(s) of the intestinal tract
Term
Crohn disease
Definition
chronic inflammation of part(s) of the intestinal tract
Term
dental caries
Definition
tooth decay
Term
diverticulitis
Definition
inflammation of a diverticulum or ac in the intestinal tract
Term
duodenitis
Definition
inflammation of the duodenum
Term
dyspepsia
Definition
impairment of digestion
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty swallowing
Term
enteritis
Definition
inflammation of the intestine
Term
enterohepatitis
Definition
inflammation of the intestine and liver
Term
enteropathy
Definition
any intestinal disease
Term
eructation
Definition
act of belching or burping gas up from the stomach
Term
gastric ulcers
Definition
erosion of the gastric mucosa
Term
gastritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach
Term
gastrocele
Definition
hernia of the stomach
Term
gastroduodenitis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach and duodenum
Term
gastroenteritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach and intestine
Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Definition
upward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
Term
gingivitis
Definition
inflammation of the gums
Term
hemorrhoids
Definition
enlarged veins in or near the anus that may cause pain or bleeding
Term
hepatitits
Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
hepatogenic
Definition
originating in the liver
Term
hepatomegaly
Definition
enlarged liver
Term
hiatal hernia
Definition
protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity
Term
hyperemesis
Definition
excessive vomiting
Term
inguinal hernia
Definition
out-pouching of intestines into the inguinal or groin region
Term
intussusception
Definition
one part of the intestine slipping or telescoping over another
Term
jaundice
Definition
yellowish cast to the skin, sclera (white part of the eye), and mucous membranes caused by bile deposits
Term
jejunitis
Definition
inflammation of the jejunum
Term
melena
Definition
blood in the stool
Term
pancreatitis
Definition
inflammation of the pancreas
Term
pancreatopathy
Definition
any disease of the pancreas
Term
parotiditis
Definition
inflammation of the parotid salivary glands
Term
peritonitis
Definition
inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
Term
polyp
Definition
growth protruding from a stalk in the digestive tract
Term
sialoadenitis
Definition
inflammation of a salivary gland
Term
sialorrhea
Definition
excessive productin of saliva
Term
sialostenosis
Definition
narrowing of a salivary duct
Term
stomatitis
Definition
inflammaation of the mouth
Term
antacids
Definition
medications used to neutralize acid production
Term
antidiarrheal
Definition
drugs that relieve diarrhea by absorbing the excess fluid or by decreasing intestinal motility
Term
antiemetic
Definition
drugs used to relieve vomiting
Term
antiflatulence
Definition
drugs taken to relieve gas or flatus
Term
colonoscope
Definition
device used in colonoscopy
Term
colonoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the colon with a colonoscope
Term
duodenoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the duodenum with the aid of an endoscope
Term
emetic
Definition
drugs that stimulate or induce vomiting; frequently used in poisoning cases
Term
enteroscope
Definition
lighted instrument for visually examining the intestines
Term
enteroscopy
Definition
visual examination of the intestines
Term
gastroscope
Definition
lighted instrument for visually examining the stomach
Term
gastroscopy
Definition
visual examination of the stomach with a lighted instrument
Term
H2 blockers or H2-receptor antagonists
Definition
drugs that block the release of gastric acid; used to treat GERD
Term
hepatoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the liver
Term
sialography
Definition
radiography of salivary glands and ducts
Term
gastroenterologist
Definition
a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system disorders
Term
gastroenterology
Definition
the specialty concerned with the digestive sistem
Term
internal medicine
Definition
specialty in the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of serious and/or chronic illnesses; the phrase is quite commonly used in North America (but not necessarily elsewhere); it also covers subspecialties in specific organs, such as the liver, kidneys, etc.
Term
internist
Definition
a specialist in internal medicing
Term
proctologist
Definition
a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of rectal and anal disorders
Term
proctology
Definition
study of the rectum and anus
Term
anastomosis
Definition
creation of an opening between two hollow organs
Term
cholecystectomy
Definition
excision of the gallbladder
Term
cholecystotomy
Definition
incision into the gallbladder
Term
colectomy
Definition
excision of all or part of the colon
Term
colopexy
Definition
fixation of the colon
Term
colostomy
Definition
surgical establishment of an opening into the colon
Term
colotomy
Definition
incision into the colon
Term
duodenectomy
Definition
excision of the duodenum
Term
duodenostomy
Definition
surgical establishment of an opening in the duodenum
Term
gastrectomy
Definition
excision of part of the stomach
Term
hepatopexy
Definition
fixation of the liver
Term
jejunectomy
Definition
excision of all or part of the jejunum
Term
jejunotomy
Definition
excision of all or part of the jejunum
Term
jejunoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the jejunum
Term
jejunotomy
Definition
incision into the jejunum
Term
pancreatotomy
Definition
incision into the pancreas
Term
sialoadenectomy
Definition
excision of a salivary gland
Term
sialoadenotomy
Definition
incision of a salivary gland
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