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| Science that describes matter - its properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany those processes |
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| Anything that has mass and occupies space |
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| The three states of matter |
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| Rigid in shape, fixed in volume |
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| Not rigid in shape - assumes shape of the container; fixed volume |
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| No fixed volume or shape; assumes shape, volume of container |
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| mixtures and pure substances |
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heterogenous
homogenous
elements
compounds |
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Definition
| Mixtures can be ____ or ____; pure substances are either ____ or ____. |
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| Type of matter than cannot be broken down into 2 or more pure substances |
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| Identified by their chemical symbols (in the periodic table) |
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| The building blocks of all materials |
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| Pure substance that contains more than one element |
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| Pure substance that has a fixed composition |
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| Properties of compounds are ____ than their individual components |
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| Contain two or more substances (can be elements or compounds) combined in such a way that each substance retains its chemical identity |
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| Uniform mixture of compounds or elements that is constant throughout (a solution) |
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| Consists of a solute and a solvent (solvent is in greater amount) |
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| Many solutions are in water, called ____ |
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| Non-uniform mixture of compounds or elements, the composition varies from sample to sample |
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| Heterogenous mixtures can be different ____ (e.g., a solid and a liquid) |
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Term
Filtration
Distillation
Chromatography |
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Definition
| Three methods of separating mixtures |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to separate solid-liquid mixture; solid prevented from passing through barrier, liquid flows through |
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| Removal of a component of a mixture by changing its state from liquid to a gas and then collecting it back as a liquid |
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Definition
| Two methods of chromatography |
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Definition
| In this method of mixture separation, a solid material is dissolved and flows through a column of solid and carried along by a solvent |
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| Gas-liquid chromatography |
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Definition
| Method of mixture separation in which a mixture is put through a furnace and pushed through a column; separates the different liquids/gases |
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Term
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Definition
| mega(symbol and multiplier) |
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Definition
| kilo (symbol and multiplier) |
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Definition
| deci(symbol and multiplier) |
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| Centi (symbol and multiplier) |
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| milli (symbol and multiplier) |
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| micro (symbol and multiplier) |
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| nano (symbol and multiplier) |
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| pico (symbol and multiplier) |
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Definition
| length - metric unit and symbol |
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Definition
| Mass - metric unit and symbol |
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Definition
| Symbol for second (time measurement) |
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Fahrenheit (F)
Kelvin (K)
Celsius (C) |
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Definition
| Measurements of temperature and symbols |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ is a measure of quantity of matter; ____ is a measure of the gravitational attraction |
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Definition
| T/F - heat and temperature are the same thing |
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Definition
| ____ is a measure of the intensity of heat in a body |
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Definition
| The three common temperature scales all use ____ as a reference |
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Term
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Definition
| MP water 32 degrees, BP is 212 degrees: what scale is this? |
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Definition
| MP of water is 0.0 degrees, BP is 100 degrees: what scale is this? |
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Definition
| MP of water is 273 degrees, BP is 373 degrees: what scale is this? |
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Definition
| Conversion formula between fahrenheit and celsius |
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Definition
| Conversion factor between celsius and Kelvin |
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Term
least significant digit
tenth |
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Definition
| Normally, uncertainty is in the ____; we estimate to the nearest ____ of the smallest marking. |
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Definition
| Digits that have been measured are ___ significant. |
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| Any ___ digit is significant |
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Definition
| Zeros between non-zero digits are ____ (e.g. 1406). |
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Definition
| Zeros beyond the ____ at the end of a number are significant (e.g. 5.060). |
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Definition
| Zeros preceding the first non-zero digit in a number are ____ (e.g. 0.00056). |
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Definition
| Numbers having trailing zeros without a decimal point are said to be ____ (e.g. 2380). |
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Definition
| T/F: All digits in scientific notation are significant. |
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Definition
| Sig figs in multiplication and division:the answer is expressed to the ____ of significant figures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sig figs in addition and subtraction: the sum or difference shold be rounded to the same number of decimal places as there are in the measured quantity with the ___ number of ____. |
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Definition
| Sig figs in exact numbers: ____ are significant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Numbers that are defined or can be counted without any room for error |
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Definition
| T/F: conversion factors are considered exact numbers (and therefore all numbers are significant) |
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Definition
| T/F: Metric to metric and english to english conversions are exact numbers. |
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Definition
| T/F: The only english to metric conversion that is exact is 1 in = 2.54 cm |
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Definition
| T/F: Absolute values are always positive. |
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Definition
| A ____ is used to convert from one unit to another using their equivalency. |
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Definition
| Volume and density are ____ quantities. |
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Definition
| Volume is a derived quantity and can be seen as coming from ____. |
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Definition
| ____ properties of pure substances are independent of amount; ____ properties are dependent upon the amount of the substance. |
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Definition
| Examples of intensive properties |
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Definition
| Examples of extensive properties |
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Definition
| Properties seen when a pure substance is involved in a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| Properties of pure substances that can be seen without changing the identity of the substance (e.g., color, density, MP, BP) |
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Definition
| Any change in states of matter is a ____ change and involves physical properties |
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Term
melting point
boiling point
density
solubility |
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Definition
| Four quantitative physical properties of substances |
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Definition
| The ratio ofmass to volume of a substance, expressed as g/mL or g/cm3 |
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Definition
| ____ can be used as a conversion factor between mass and volume. |
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Definition
| The amount of solute that can dissolve in a particular amount of solvent, normally expressed in grams of solute that dissolves in 100 grams of solvent |
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Definition
| When a solvent holds as much solute as it can hold, we say the solution is ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any amount less than the amount for saturation in the solvent means the solution is ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| If a solution holds more than the amount for saturation, we say the solution is ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Warmer solutions hold more than cooler solutions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ____ is a device used to measure density. |
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