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| large, complex organization composed of appointed officials (authority divided) |
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| freely competitive economy, government not involved |
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| spoils system (political patronage) |
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| giving the jobs and contracts of a party's victory to loyal members of the party |
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| ability to choose courses of action and to make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws. (measures power of bureaucracy- to what extent to appointed officials have this?) |
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| federal officials appointed only after they have passed a written examination administered by the OPM or met certain selection criteria devised by the hiring agency and approved by the OPM |
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| filled by a person whom an agency has already identified |
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| A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group that often becomes a mutually advantageous alliance |
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| A network of people in Washington-based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media who regularly discuss and advocate public policies. Such networks are split along political, ideological, and economic lines |
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| authorization legislation |
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| originates in a legislative committee and states the maximum amount of money that an agency may spend on a given program. |
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| money formally set aside for a specific use |
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| funds for government programs that are collected and spent outside the regular government budget; the amounts are determined by preexisting law rather than by annual appropriations. The Social Security trust fund is the largest of these |
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| every year, legislative committees get to, as part of the reauthorization process, set limits on what the agencies can spend. Limits the ability of the appropriations committees to determine the spending limits |
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| the ability of a congressional committee to review and approve certain agency decisions in advance and without passing a law. Such approval is not legally binding on the agency, but few agency heads will ignore the expressed wishes of the committees |
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| requirement that an executive decision must lie before Congress for a specified period before it takes effect...the rejection of a presidential or administrative action by a vote of one or both houses of Congress without consent of the president. Declared unconstitutional 1983 |
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Definition
| the complex rules and procedures that must be follower to get something done |
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