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Chapter 12 Flashcards
For Dr. Pandya's 3rd period chapter 12 test 3-18-11
32
Biology
9th Grade
03/18/2011

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Cards

Term
How old is earth?
Definition

It is estimated to be about 4.6 billion years old.

Term
How does radiometric dating work?
Definition

Radioactive isotopes lose particles. The amount of neutrons that are lost over time equals the age of the item.

Term
What is the half-life of carbon-14?
Definition
About 5,730 years.
Term
What were the first living things on Earth?
Definition
Cyanobacteria
Term
What is the theory of Endosymbiosis?
Definition
The evolution of Eukaryotes
Term

When were the 5 major mass extinctions on Earth? Which of them were the two

largest? Which one killed the dinosaurs? What proportion of living organisms were wiped out?

Definition

 

  • During the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
  • The cambrian explosion, and the permian mass extinction
  • The cretaceous mass extinction

 

Term
What were the first vertabrates to evolve?
Definition

4-legged animals (amphibians)

Term
What percentage of potassium-40 remains after 2 half-lives?
Definition
25%
Term
How old are the oldest living fossils found on Earth so far? How old are the first multicellular organisms based on fossil evidence?
Definition

 

  • 3.8 Billion years

 

Term
As the amount of potassium-40 decreases, what happens to the amount of stable isotopes formed?
Definition
They decrease.
Term
Cyanobacteria are thought to be the ancestors of what organelle?
Definition

Chloroplast

Term
How did cyanobacteria change Earth's atmosphere?
Definition

Because they are photosynthetic, they reduced the amout of CO2 in the atmosphere and replaced it with oxygen.

Term
What multicellularity? During what period of time did most multicellular organisms appear in the geologic time scale?
Definition

 

  • consisting of many cells
  • During the Paleozoic era

 

Term
What were the first animals to invade land? During which era?
Definition

 

  • Amphibians
  • Paleozoic

 

Term
What are the characteristics of Anthropoids? List several examples of Anthropoids.
Definition

  •  Native to America. Live in trees. Prehensile tails. Trees and ground feeders. Larger brains. 
  1. Old world monkeys, New world monkeys, Homoniods

 

Term
What is the most diverse group of animals on Earth?
Definition
Protists
Term
What were the major problems faced by organisms moving onto land?
Definition
No oxygen in the atmosphere, and the atmosphere was toxic.
Term
What were the first vertabrates to inhabit the land? During which era?
Definition

 

  • Amphibians
  • Paleozoic

 

Term
Which vertabrates addapted to life on land and in water? Why?
Definition

 

  • Amphibians
  • They could live on land, but they had to develop in water

 

Term
Which era us called the Age of the Reptiles?
Definition
The Mesozoic era
Term
When did reptiles evolve? From what?
Definition
248-65 million yrs ago from the amphibians.
Term
Compare reptiles with amphibians.
Definition
There were reptiles that lived on land, and some that lived in the water. All amphibians lived on both land and in water.
Term
During which era did mammals radiate?
Definition
The end of the Mesozioc era.
Term
During which era would you expect to find fossils that look the most like modern organisms?
Definition
Beginning of the Quaternary period during the Cenozoic era.
Term
Explain the Miller-Urey experiment. How did this mirror early Erth? How is it different?
Definition
They produced every gas/element that made up Earth's atmosphere.
Term
What may have been the first genetic material of life and why?
Definition
RNA, because there are many different forms of it.
Term
What may have been the first plasma membranes?
Definition
Tiny bubbles called microspheres.
Term
Where may have life began and why?
Definition
In water because the atmosphere had no free oxygen to support life
Term
All people are part of what genus?
Definition
Homo sapients
Term
What other species of human existed?
Definition
Homo habilius
Term
How are new world monkeys and old world monkeys different? Where is each from?
Definition
New world monkeys live in trees and are from America, old world monkeys live on the ground and are from Europe/Africa
Term
Why are orangutans hominiods?
Definition
They are apes.
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