Term
| Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy |
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Definition
- Administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent without harming the host's cells
- Antimicrobial drugs are produced naturally or synthetically
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Term
| Characteristics of the "Ideal" Antimicrobial Drug |
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Definition
- Selectively toxic to the microbe but nontoxic to host cells
- Microbicidal rather than microbistatic
- Relatively soluble; functions even when highly diluted in body fluids
- Remains potent long enough to act and is not broken down or excreted prematurely
- Doesn't lead to development of antimicrobial resistance
- Complements or assists the activities of the host's defenses
- Remains active in tissues & body fluids
- Readily delivered to the site of infection
- Reasonably priced
- Does not disrupt the host's health by causing allergies or predisposing the host to other infections
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Term
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Definition
| Any chemical used in the treatment, relief or prophylaxis of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of a drug to prevent potential for infection of a person at risk |
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Term
| Antimicrobial chemotheraphy |
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Definition
| The use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infection |
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Term
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Definition
| All-inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances produced by the metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that are chemically modifeid in the laboratory after being isolated from natural sources |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of chemical reactions to synthesize antimicrobial compounds in the laboratory. |
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Term
| Narrow spectrum (limited spectrum) |
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Definition
| Antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types -- for example, a drug effective mainly on gram-positive bacteria |
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Term
| Broad spectrum (extended spectrum) |
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Definition
| Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types -- for example, a drug effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common metabolic products of aerobic bacteria and fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| Streptomyces and Bacillus |
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Term
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Definition
| Penicillium and Cephalosporium |
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Term
| Origins of Antimicrobial Drugs |
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Definition
| By inhibiting the other microbes in the same habitat, antibiotic producers have less competition for nutrients and space. |
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