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| Water routes that are deep enough and wide enough to be used by ships |
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| Fine, windblown soil that is good for farming |
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| Refers to the period from the collapse of the Roman Empire to about 1500 |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of various European countries, the United States, and Canada |
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| A form of art that developed in France in the late 1800s and early 1900s, artists tried to capture the rippling of light rather than an exact, realistic image |
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| A movement in Europe to reform Christianity in the 1500s |
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| The mass murder of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis in World War II |
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| Germany’s head of government, or prime minister |
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| A city that has many foreign influences |
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| Political and administrative districts in Switzerland |
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| The demand for self-rule and a strong feeling of loyalty to one’s nation |
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| Narrow, deep inlets of the sea set between high, rocky cliffs |
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| Scottish lakes located in valleys carved by glaciers |
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| A warm ocean current that brings mild temperatures and rain to parts of northern Europe |
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| a monarch—a king or queen—but a parliament makes the country’s laws. |
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| Scottish term for a valley |
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| Soft ground that is soaked with water |
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| Matter made from dead plants, usually mosses, dug from bogs and used for fuel |
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| Not taking a side in a dispute or conflict |
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| Not capable of supporting human settlement |
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| Hot springs that shoot hot water and steam into the air |
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