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Chapter 11 Test Questions
Chapter 11 Test Questions for Owens Language Development 8th edition
99
Communication
Graduate
12/08/2012

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Cards

Term
1._________ is necessary for decoding and is the knowledge of sounds and syllable and of the sound structure of words.

Definition
Phonological awareness
Term
2. Individuals create words by ________.
a. segmentation
b.blending
c.decoding
d.metacognition
Definition
c.decoding
Term

3. Children are introduced to phonics in the first grad.

True or False

Definition
True
Term
1.) List the three basic levels of reading comprehension in order:
a.) decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
b.) decoding, dynamic literacy, critical literacy
c.) natural literacy, dynamic literacy, critical literacy
d.) dynamic literacy, natural literacy, decoding
Definition
a.) decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
(pg. 362-263)

Term
2.) A major difference between speech and writing even though is:
a.) spelling is a prerequisite to writing whereas articulation is a prerequisite to speaking
b.) writing is more formal and detached and less interactive than speaking
c.) learning to write develops over a much shorter time period than learning to speak
d.) writing is more complicated to do than speaking
Definition
b.) writing is more formal and detached and less interactive than speaking
(pg. 371)

Term
3.) T/F Phonics is the process by which children learn how to write words with consonant blends.
Definition
F (pg. 369)
Term
1. Verb phrases are expanded by increasing use of all of the following EXCEPT:
a.modality
b. tense
c. aspect
d. pragmatics

Definition
d. pragmatics


Term
2. T/F: Young writers are often very sure of their ausience and the needs of their readers.


Definition
False
Term
3. Which is NOT a part of critical literacy?
a.Interpreting
b.relating content to other knowledge
c.analyzing
d.synthesizing information
Definition
b.relating content to other knowledge
Term
1)True/False: Literacy is the use of visual modes of communication, specifically reading and speaking.
Definition
False.  correct answer: specifically reading and writing

 p360
Term
2)Phonemic awareness is:
a.ability to manipulate sounds
b.knowledge of sounds and syllables and sound structure of words
c.dividing a word into its parts
Definition
a.ability to manipulate sounds
p361

Term
3)What is print awareness?
a.knowing the direction in which reading proceeds across a page
b.knowledge of sounds and syllables and sound structure of words
c.ability to manipulate sound
Definition
a.knowing the direction in which reading proceeds across a page.
p.366
Term
True/False
1. Children become proficient in representing absent entities and events and in describing the internal states, thoughts, and feelings of characters in their narratives
Definition
True
Term
2. Initial ________ attempts at spelling mostly of scribble and drawing with an occasional letter thrown in.
a) Parallel
b) Literacy
c) Preliterate
d) Phonics

Definition
c) Preliterate
Term
3. As with reading, in early writing, children expend a great deal of cognitive energy on the ________, such as forming letters.
a) Mechanics
b) Phonics
c) Decoding
d) Blending

Definition
a) Mechanics
Term
Emerging writing literacy moves from ______________ to ____________ .
a. drawing; printed writing
b. printed writing; drawing
c. gesturing; singing
d. singing; gesturing

Definition
a. drawing; printed writing
Term
Spelling moves from preliterate attempts such as, __________ spelling, to more ____________ spelling based on multiple strategies.

a. picturesque; concrete
b. concrete; picturesque
c. conventional; inventive
d. inventive; conventional

Definition
d. inventive; conventional

Term
True/False: Writing is an active process, and mature writing requires executive function in the use of planning and editing.

Definition
True
Term
Which of the following is an example of utilizing volwel names if the vowel is long:

1. FES = Fish
2. LAFFT = Left
3. DA = Day
4. LIK = Like

A. 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 3 & 4
D. All of the above

Definition
C. 3 & 4
Term
True or False. According to the book, much of a child's cognitive capacity is not used in decoding.

Definition
False
Term
Phonemic skills of ________ and __________ are important in the development of reading.

A. decoding; encoding
B. segmentation; blending
C. awareness; unawareness
D. chunking; clustering

Definition
B. segmentation; blending
Term
Learning to read initially, is difficult due to what fact?

a.) English words derive from Latin and Greek
b.) English speech sounds and letters do not always correspond c.) Children don’t learn to read until 1st grade.
d.) None of the above

Definition
b.) English speech sounds and letters do not always correspond. (Ans. Pg 365)
Term
T/F All 4 year-olds are able to differentiate the syllables and individual phonemes in words.
Definition
(False pg 368)

Term
During the second phase of reading development 3rd and 4th graders depend on context as well as ________ to decipher words.

a.) Transcription models
b.) Orthographic patterns
c.) Integrative rehearsal
d.) Bottom-up processing
Definition
Term
1. Reading and writing lacks all of the following except
a. Conversational give and take
b. Paralinguistic features
c. A language base
d. Its own vocabulary and grammar

Definition
c. A language base
Term
2. True or False
Children with a history of preschool speech/language problems have later problems with reading

Definition
True
Term
3. All are vital for comprehension except
a. Morphology
b. Pragmatics
c. Phonological skills
d. Syntax

Definition
c. Phonological skills
Term
T/F: Reading is more complex than speaking.

Definition
False
Term
Which of the following is false about reading?
a. it is a top-down process
b. it is a bottom-up process
c. it requires encoding
d. it requires decoding
Definition
c. it requires encoding
Term
Which of the following is the correct order of the process of writing development?
a. forming letters, text generation, learning to spell, executive function
b. forming letters, learning to spell, text generation, executive function
c. executive function, forming letters, learning to spell, text generation
d. text generation, forming letters, learning to spell, executive function
Definition
b. forming letters, learning to spell, text generation, executive function
Term
1) T/F
Around the age of 6 formatting of writing such as spacing and spelling matters.

Definition
False
Term
2) What is the first step in the writting process?
a. Knowing how to read
b. Learning to spell
c. Forming letters
d. Two of the above
Definition
c. Forming letters
Term
3) How do children who speak AAE differ from
their peers with writing?
a. There is no difference
b. If they learn the dialect they will be better off
than their peers
c. They will be worse off than their peers
d. With the proper teaching they will both
perform well in writing
Definition
b. If they learn the dialect they will be better off
than their peers
Term
Chapter 11
1. A child who spells the word “days” with the letters “D-A-Z” is engaging in:

A. Dynamic literacy
B. Invented spelling
C. Embedding
D. Print awareness

Definition
B. Invented spelling
page. 374,375

Term
2. Text generation begins with:

A. Written narratives
B. Oral narratives
C.Schemes and scripts
D.Reports of daily events

Definition
B. Oral narratives
page. 376

Term
3. True/False

It is easier for children to find a letter that matches a sound than it is for them to produce the sound that matches a letter.

Definition
C.Phonological Awareness
(page 361)

Term
2.The two aspects of metacognition that are important for reading are:
A. Self-appraisal and executive function
B. Decoding and executive function
C. Segmentation and blending
D. Blending and decoding

Definition
A. Self-appraisal and executive function
(pg 363)

Term
3. True or False
Learning to spell is memorizing words.

Definition
False (pg 372)
Term
1.) ______________ is the first step in the process of reading?
a. Literacy
b. Blending
c. Phonological awareness
d. Decoding

Definition
d. Decoding

Term
2.) Literacy develops in the following order:
a. decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
b. critical literacy, dynamic literacy, decoding
c. critical literacy, blending, decoding
d. blending, segmentation, decoding

Definition
a. decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
Term
3.) T/F - Children recognize their favorite books at age 3.

Definition
True
Term
1. T/F: The bottom-up reading process emphasizes the cognitive task of deriving meaning.
Definition
False
Term
2. Together, the nucleus and coda make up the ______ of a syllable.
A. onset
B. resonance
C. morphology
D. rime
Definition
D. rime
Term
3. Breaking a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word is called _________.
A. segmentation
B. bottom-up processing
C. top-down processing
D. decoding
Definition
D. decoding
Term
1. True or False A child’s oral comprehension is related to the age at which home reading routines became established.
Definition
True, pg 366

Term
2. A strong relationship exists between early ___________ skills and reading and spelling.
a. blending
b. decoding
c. segmentation
d. none of the above
Definition

c. segmentation

pg 359


Term
3. Four year olds use a memorized combination when reading. Which one of the following combinations is used?
a. decoding, segmentation, and blending
b. word shapes, letter names, and guessing
c. world knowledge and comprehension
d. letter sound, semantics, and guessing
Definition
b. word shapes, letter names, and guessing
slide 18
Term
1. Reading and writing differ from speech in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A. Reading and writing lack conversational give and take
B. Reading and writing are more temporary
C. Reading and writing are processed differently
D. Reading and writing have their own vocabulary

Definition
B. Reading and writing are more temporary
(from slide 4 on the Chapter 11 Powerpoint)
Term
2. ____________ _____________ is considered the best predictor of spelling in elementary school because it concerns the use and knowledge of sounds, syllables, and sound structures of words.
A. Phonological awareness
B. Phonemic awareness
C. Phonics acquisition
D. Critical literacy

Definition
A. Phonological awareness
(from slide 8 on the Chapter 11 Powerpoint)
Term
3. In reading comprehension, readers process material:
A. solely by looking at pictures
B. bit-by-bit
C. holistically
D. B&C

Definition
D. B&C

(from slide 15 on the Chapter 11 Powerpoint)
Term
A. blending
B. phonological awareness
C. metacognition
D. phonics


Definition
B. phonological awareness
Term
_____________ is necessary for decoding a reading.
A. blending
B. phonological awareness
C. metacognition
D. phonics

Definition
B. phonological awareness
Term
In writing development __________________ develops before ________________
A. text generation / learning to spell
B. learning to spell / text generation
C. executive funtion / phonological comprehension
D. phonological comprehension / learning to spell

Definition
B. learning to spell / text generation
Term
Children’s early compositions usually lack cohesion and use structures repeatedly
A. True
B. False
Definition
A. True
Term
1. T/F Initially, children treat writing and speaking as one system.
Definition
FALSE p.373

Term
2.In_________ processing reading is translating written elements into speech, in_________ processing, problem solving emphasizes the derivation of meaning.

a. segmentation, blending
b.bottom up, top down
c.blending, segmentation
d.top down, bottom up
Definition
b.bottom up, top down
pg. 365

Term
3. By what age can children recognize their favorite books?

a.1
b.5
c.2
d.3
e.none of the above
Definition
d.3
pg.366
Term
1. _______ is knowledge of sounds and syllables and of the sound structure of words.

A. segmentation
B. phonemic awareness
C. Decoding
D. phonemic awareness

Definition
Term
2. _______ is dividing a word into its parts.

A. segmentation
B. blending
C. encoding
D. decoding

Definition
A. segmentation
Term
3. _______ is the use of visual modes of communication, specifically reading and writing.

A. Literacy
B. Comprehension
C. Decoding
D. None of the above

Definition
A. Literacy
Term
1. T/F: Phonological skills are required for decoding, whereas syntax, morphology, semantics, and pragmatics are vital for comprehension.

Definition
T (slide 7)

Term
2. Reading comprehension requires:

a) self-monitoring
b) summarization
c) semantic organization
d) all of the above
Definition
d) all of the above

 (slide 7)

Term
3. ______ is self-regulation and includes, among other things, the ability to attend and to set reasonable goals.

a) metacognition
b) executive function
c) dynamic literacy
d) top-down processing

Definition
b) executive function
(slide 11)
Term
True or False: Spelling of most words is self-taught using a trial-and-error approach.
Definition
True
Term
Which of the following aids in developing a concept of literacy?
A. parental activities, such as the use of cook books or bill paying
B. television shows, such as Sesame Street
C. parent-child reading
D. all of the above

Definition
D. all of the above
Term
When it comes to reading, knowing what to do and how to do it refers to ______. This is also known as a knowledge about knowledge and about cognitive processes.
A. dynamic literacy
B. metacognition
C. critical literacy
D. executive function
Definition
B. metacognition
Term

1. What is necessary for decoding?
a) Reading
b) Phonological awareness

c) Phonetic decoding
d) Letter identification

Definition
b) Phonological awareness
Term
2. Reading is a _________ - directed activity
a) Actively
b) Knowing
c) Goal
d) Performance

Definition
c) Goal
Term
3. There is a ________ amount of overlap between writing and reading
a) Complete
b) Moderate
c) Zero
Definition
b) Moderate
Term
_________ is the use of visual modes of communication, specifically reading and writing.
A. Literacy ***
B. Decoding
C. Text Interpretation
D. None of the above
Definition

A. Literacy

pg. 360

Term
T/F Socioeconomic status (SES), age, speech, sound accuracy, and vocabulary each contribute uniquely to phonological awareness for children between the ages of 2 and 5.
Definition
True, pg. 362


Term
Latin, Hebrew, Greek, and Cyrillic are examples of ________ which among bilingual children may effect their reading ability based on visual complexity.
A. Critical literacy
B. Written scripts ***
C. Dynamic literacy
D. None of the above
Definition

B. Written scripts

pg. 362 & table 11.1 on pg. 363

Term
T/F Spoken and written language are the reverse of eachother.

Definition
F, book page 360
Term
What is the first step in the process of reading?
A)Blending
B)Segmentation
C)Phonological awareness
D) decoding

Definition
D) decoding.  book 360


Term
When are children introduced to phonetics?
A)Second grade
B) First grade
C) Two years old
D) Third Grade

Definition
B) First grade
book 370
Term
1) Reading instruction and sound-letter correspondence is called:
a) phonics
b) orthographic awareness
c) syllable knowledge
d) morphics

Definition
A) Phonics. page 369
Term
2) True or false:
Reading is an active process.

Definition
 True- page 370

Term
3)Which two skills are important for early reading development?

a) working memory and cognitive ability
b) working memory and long-term word storage
c) long-term word storage and cognitive ability
d) working memory and short-term word storage
Definition
b) working memory and long-term word storage
page 368
Term
1. Which of the following means to create a word from individual sounds and syllables?
a. segmentation
b. blending
c. phonological awareness
d. phonemic awareness

Definition
b. blending
Term
2. The bottom-up process emphasizes lower level ______ and ______ processes.
a. phonemic; phonological
b. phonological; semantic
c. phonological; perceptual
d. perceptual; phonemic

Definition
d. perceptual; phonemic

Term
3. For a skilled reader, printed wordes are represented for a long period of time for processing.
True or False
Definition
False, they are represented briefly
Term
1. Literacy develops in which order:

a. decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
b. segmentation, dynamic literacy, decoding
c. segmentation, blending, decoding
d. blending, segmentation, decoding
Definition
a. decoding, critical literacy, dynamic literacy
Term
2. Print awareness can refer to all of the following EXCEPT:

a. knowing that words are read from left to right (in English)
b. dividing words into the onset and rime
c. being interested in print
d. recognizing some letters

Definition
b. dividing words into the onset and rime
Term
3. T/F In reading, a child can give sufficient attention to meaning ONLY if orthography is mastered.

Definition
True
Term
1.) Phonological awareness is:
a.) knowledge of sounds and syllables and how they fit together
b.) knowledge of all the sounds in the universe
c.) ability to comprehend sounds in a specific language
d.) none of the above

Definition
a.) knowledge of sounds and syllables and how they fit together
pg 361

Term
2.) Critical literacy is the ability to:
a.) actively interpret, analyze, and synthesize information.
b.) explain content
c.) critique a literary work
d.) both A & B

Definition
d.) both A & B

pg 362

Term
3.) T or F: Print awareness is knowing the direction in which reading proceeds across a page and through a book.

Definition
True pg 366
Term
1. True or False: Phonological awareness is necessary for decoding.

Definition
True
Term
2. The development for the development of reading are the phonemic skills of
a. blending and segmentation
b. segmentation and revising
c. comprehension and revising
d. blending and comprehension
e. none of the above

Definition
a. blending and segmentation
Term
3. Writing is a ______ act, and like a speaker, the writer must consider the audience.
a. reluctant
b. overt
c. social
d. psychological
e. all of the above

Definition
c. social
Term
1. For the development of reading, phonemic skills of _________ and __________ are important.

A. Phoneme Identification & Syllabication
B. Semantics & Syntax
C. Chunking & Memorizing
D. Segmentation & Blending
E. None of the above

Definition
D. Segmentation & Blending
Pg. 361

Term
2. T/F At the highest level of dynamic literacy, a reader is able to relate content to other knowledge.
Definition
True
Pg. 363

Term
3. A difference between oral and visual language is __________.

A. Input
B. Word Recognition
C. Output
D. All of the Above
E. None of the Above

Definition
A. Input
Pg. 365
Term
1. Phonological awareness is having a knowledge of:
a. sounds & sound structure of words
b. spelling
c. identifying
d. syllables
e. choices A&D
Definition

e. choices A&D

pg 361

Term
2. Phonological awareness consists of many skill areas including syllabication and rhyming<<true pg 361

3. Reading is a:
a. process
b.skill
c.trial and error
d. goal-directed activity
Definition
d. goal-directed activity pg. 365
Term
T/F: A mature silent reader doesn't even read whole words.
Definition
True
Term
What is important to emerging literacy?
a) Parent- child reading
b) Television
c) Cookbooks
d) Parental activity
e) All of the above
f) None of the above
Definition
e) All of the above
Term
Spelling is
a) An art
b) Self-taught
c) Trial and error
d) Teacher taught
e) Learned through homework
f) Both b and c
Definition
f) Both b and c
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