Term
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Definition
| the destruction of ALL microbial life |
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Term
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Definition
| destroys MOST microbial life, reducing contamination on INANIMATE surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| destroys MOST microbial life, reducing contamination on a LIVING surface |
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Term
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Definition
| the mechanical removal of most microbes from an animate or inanimate surface |
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Term
| What are the three main categories of microbial control? |
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Definition
| Physical agents, chemical agents & mechanical methods |
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Term
| What microbes have the highest resistance? |
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Definition
| bacterial endospores; prions |
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Term
| What microbes have moderate resistance? |
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Definition
protozon cysts, fungal sexual spores, naked viruses, resistant vegetative bacteria
ex: tb |
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Term
| What microbes have least resistance |
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Definition
| most bacterial vegetative cells, fungal spores, enveloped viruses, yeast, protozoan trophozoites |
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Term
| What does sterilization remove? |
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Definition
| all viable microorganisms including VIRUSES and BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES |
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Term
| Is sterilization usually used on living or inanimate objects? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is sterilization usually performed? |
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Definition
| heat... or sometimes chemicals (sterilants) |
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Term
| What does disinfection kill? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does disinfection destroy bacterial endospores? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 5% bleach solution, boiling water, iodine solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| applied directly to exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit VEGETATIVE PATHOGENS |
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Term
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Definition
| the growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| any practice that prevents that entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does -stasis and -static mean |
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Definition
| to stand still, prevent mulitplication |
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Term
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Definition
| used when actual steriliation isn't needed but need to decrease the risk of infection or spoilage (ex. food industry) |
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Term
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Definition
| any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms to reduce contamination to safe level |
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Term
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Definition
| compound such as soap or detergent that sanitizes |
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Term
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Definition
| may not be free from microbes but are safe for normal use |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced the number of microbes on the human skin (ex. alcohol wipes) |
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Term
| Practical Concerns in Microbial Control: Questions to ask self |
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Definition
-does the application require sterilization or is disinfection adequate?
-is the item to be reused or permanently discarded?
-if it will be reused , can it withstand heat, pressure, radiation, or chemicals?
-is the control method suitable for a given application?
-will the agent penetrate to necessary extent?
-is the method cost and labor efficient and is it safe? |
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Term
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Definition
-when various cell structures become dysfunctional and the entire cell sustains irreversible damage
-a cell can no longer reproduce |
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Term
| Factors that affect death rate? (6) |
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Definition
1. the number of microorganisms
2. the nature of the microorganisms in the population
3. the temperature and pH of the environment
4. the concentration of the agent
5. the mode of action of the agent
6. the presence of solvents, interfering organic matter and inhibitors |
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Term
| What are the targets of antimicrobial agents? (4) |
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Definition
1. the cell wall
2. the cell membrane
3. protein and nucleic acid synthesis
4. protein function |
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Term
| antimicrobial effects on cell wall?? (3) |
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Definition
1. block its synthesis
2. digests it
3. break down its surface
with these the cell becomes fragile and is lysed easily |
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Term
| Antimicrobial effect on cell membrane? |
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Definition
| disrupts the cell membrane.. so the cell loses selective permeability |
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Term
| Antimicrobial effects on protein and nucleic acid synthesis? |
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Definition
-any level can be affected (replication, transcription, and/or translation
-some bind to ribosomes to stop translation
-some bind to DNA preventing transcription and translation
-they are mutagenic agents |
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Term
| Antimicrobial effects on protein function? |
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Definition
-disrupt the native state
-break the bond of secondary or teriary structures
ex. straight line, folded different, heavy metal blocks binding site |
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Term
| Methods of physical control? (2) |
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Definition
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