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| Any physical substance through which energy can be transferred |
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| A method of energy transfer that does not require a medium; the energy travels at the speed of light. |
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| A wave that has both electric and magnetic parts, does not require a medium, and travels at the speed of light. |
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| Electromagnetic waves that the human eye can detect |
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| The classification of electromagnetic waves by energy |
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| AM/FM radio, TV signals, cellphone communication, radar, astronomy (pulsars) |
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| Telecommunications, Microwave ovens, astronomy (background radiation associated with the Big Bang) |
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| Examples of Infrared Light |
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| Remote controls (DVD players, game controllers), lasers, heat detection (leakage from windows, roofs, remote sensing), keeps food warm, astronomy (chemical composition of celestial bodies), physical therapy |
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| Examples of Visible Light |
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| Human Vision, theatre/concert lighting, rainbows, visible lasers, astronomy (optical telescopes, discovering chemical composition of celestial bodies) |
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| Examples of Ultra violet Light (UV) |
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| Tan or burn of the skin, increases risk of skin cancer, stimulates production of Vitamin D, kills bacteria in food and water (sterilization), 'black' light, ultraviolet lasers, astronomy (discovering chemical composition of celestial bodies) |
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| Medical imaging, security equipment (ie. airports), cancer treatment, astronomy (study of binary star systems, black holes, centre of galaxies) |
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| Cancer treatment, Astronomy (study of nuclear processes in the universe), product of some nuclear decay) |
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| Continuous sequence of colours that make up white light (ROYGRIV) |
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| *Note : Issac Newton's Discovery |
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| Triangular prism slowed down speed of light. Red light (least energetic) was slowed the least, violet (most energetic) was slowed the most. Prism can separate light into different colours. |
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| Does not produce its own light |
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| Production of light as a result of high temperature (ie. Light from a burning candle) |
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| Process of producing light by passing an electric current through a gas (ie. neon lighting. lightning). Electricity causes gas to glow. Neon gas turns into red, Helium produces gold, Argon = Pale violet-blue, Krypton = greyish white. |
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| *Note : Geissler's experiment (electric discharge) |
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| Result: Colour of glow depended on which gas was inside tube |
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| Process of producing light by the absorption of ultraviolet light resulting in the emission of visible light over an extended period of time. (ie. glow in the dark toys) |
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| Immediate emission of visible light as a result of the absorption of ultraviolet light (ie. fluorescent dye, fluorescent lights) |
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| Direct production of light as the result of a chemical reaction with little or no heat produced. (ie. glow stick) |
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| Production of light in living organisms as the result of a chemical reaction with little or no heat produced (ie. fireflies) |
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| Production of light from friction as a result of scratching, crushing or rubbing certain crystals (ie. rubbing 2 quartz together) |
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| Light-emitted Diode (LED) |
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Definition
Light produced as a result of an electric current flowing in semiconductors. (ie. Christmas lights, illuminated signs, traffic lights)
Does not require filament, does not produce much heat as a by-product, more energy efficient |
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| A material that allows an electric current to flow in only one direction. (ie. silicon) |
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| A line on a diagram representing the direction and path that light is travelling. |
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| The use of light rays to determine how light behaves when it strikes objects |
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| Light emitted from a source that strikes an object |
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| When a material transmits all or almost all incident light; objects can be clearly seen through the material. |
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| When a material transmits some incident light but absorbs or reflects the rest; objects are not clearly seen through the material |
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| When a material does not transmit any incident light; all incident light is either absorbed or reflected; objects behind the material cannot be seen at all. |
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| Reproduction of an object through the use of light |
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| Any polished surface reflecting an image |
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| The bouncing back of light from a surface |
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| The incoming ray that strikes a surface |
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| The ray that bounces off a reflective surface. |
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| The perpendicular line to a mirror surface |
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| The angle between the incident ray and the normal |
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| The angle between the reflected ray and the normal. |
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