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| regulates carbohydrate levels in the body |
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| regulates electrolytes and fluid volume in body |
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| androgen, estrogen, progesterone |
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| responsible for reproduction and secondary sexual characteristics |
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| intensifies response during stress; fight or flight response |
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| chiefly a vasoconstrictor |
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| stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics in females; regulates menstrual cycle |
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| prepares for conditions of pregnancy |
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| stimulates liver to release glucose into the blood |
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| regulates and promotes entry of glucose into cells |
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| stimulates bone breakdown; regulates calcium level in the blood |
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
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| regulates function of adrenal cortex |
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| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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| stimulates growth of eggs in female and sperm in males |
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| stimulates growth of the body |
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| regulates function of male and female gonads and plays a role in releasing ova in females |
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| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
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| stimulates pigment in skin |
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| stimulates milk production |
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
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| regulates function of thyroid gland |
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| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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| stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys |
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| stimulates uterine contractions and releases milk into ducts |
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| promotes sperm production and development of secondary sex characteristics in males |
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| promotes development of cells in immune system |
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| stimulates deposition of calcium into bone |
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| stimulates metabolism in cells |
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| stimulates metabolism in cells |
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| excision of adrenal glands |
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| inflammation of the adrenal gland |
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| excessive calcium in the blood |
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| specialist in the endocrine system |
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| study of the endocrine system |
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| excessive sugar in the blood |
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| excessive potassium in the blood |
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| excision of the parathyroid gland |
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| abnormal condition of poisoning by the thyroid |
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| state of excessive thyroid |
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| incision into thyroid gland |
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| condition of (too) much urine |
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| condition in which the body tissues contain excessive amounts of fluid |
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| condition in which the eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves' disease; this is generally caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormone |
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| the development of breast tissue in males; may be a symptom of adrenal feminization |
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| condition of having an excessive amount of hair; term generally used to describe females who have the adult male pattern of hair growth; can be the result of a hormonal imbalance |
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| excessive hormone production by an endocrine gland |
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| deficient hormone production by an endocrine gland |
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| sum of all chemical and physical changes that take place in the body |
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| having an abnormal amount of fat in the body |
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| group of symptoms and signs that, when combined, present a clinical picture of a disease or condition |
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| excessive acidity of body fluids due to the accumulation of acids, as in diabetic -- |
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| chronic disease of adults that results in an elongation and enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities; there can also be mood changes; due to an excessive amount of growth hormone in adult |
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| disease that results from a deficiency in adrenocortical hormones; there may be an increased pigmentation of the skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss |
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| a cancerous tumor in a gland that is capable of producing the hormones secreted by that gland; one cause of hypersecretion pathologies |
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| development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breasts) in a male; often as a result of increased estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex |
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| development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as deeper voice and facial hair) in a female; often as a result of increased androgen secretion by the adrenal cortex |
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| congenital condition in which a lack of thyroid may result in arrested physical and mental development |
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| set of symptoms that result from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex; this may be the result of a tumor of the adrenal glands; the syndrome may present symptoms of weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis |
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| disorder caused by the inadequate secretion of a hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; there may be polyuria and polydipsia; this is more common in the young |
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| chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that results in hyperglycemia and glycosuria; there are two distinct forms: IDDM or type I, and NIDDM or type II |
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| secondary complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina, resulting in visual changes and even blindness |
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| condition of being abnormally short in height; it may be the result of a hereditary condition or a lack of growth hormone |
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| excessive development of the body due to the overproduction of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland in a child or teenager; the opposite of dwarfism |
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| enlargement of the thyroid gland |
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| Graves' disease or hyperthyroidism |
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| condition that results in overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation |
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| chronic form of thyroiditis |
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| result of a deficiency in secretion by the thyroid gland; this results in a lowered basal metabolism rate with obesity, dry skin, slow pulse, low blood pressure, sluggishness, and goiter; treatment is replacement with synthetic thyroid hormone |
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| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
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| also called type 1; it develops early in life when the pancreas stops insulin production; person with this must take daily insulin injections |
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| tumor of the islets of Langerhans cells of the pancreas that secretes an excessive amount of insulin |
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| ketoacidosis or diabetic acidosis |
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| acidosis due to an excess of acidic ketone bodies (waste products); a serious condition requiring immediate treatment that can result in death for the diabetic patient if not reversed. |
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| condition resulting from a hypofunction of the thyroid gland; symptoms can include anemia, slow speech, enlarged tongue and facial features, edematous skin, drowsiness, and mental apathy |
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| non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
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| also called type 2; it develops later in life when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin; persons may take oral hypoglycemics to stimulate insulin secretion, or may eventually have to take insulin |
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| deficiency in all the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland; often recognized because of problems with thte glands regulated by the pituitary-adrenal cortex, thyroid, ovaries, and testes |
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| damage to the nerves in the lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes mellitus; symptoms include either extreme sensitivity or numbness and tingling |
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| usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine; symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, profuse sweating, headache, and nausea |
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| painful muscle cramps that result from hypocalcemia |
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| condition that results from overproduction of the thyroid gland; symptoms include a rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos and weight loss |
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| excessive production of parathyroid hormone, which results in degeneration of the bones |
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| basal metabolic rate (BMR) |
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| somewhat outdated test to measure the energy used when the body is in a state of rest |
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| blood test to measure the level of substances such as calcium, electrolytes, testosterone, insulin, and glucose; used to assist in determining the function of various endocrine glands |
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| fasting blood sugar (FBS) |
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| blood test to measure the amount of sugar circulating throughout the body after a 12-hour fast |
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| glucose tolerance test (GTT) |
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| test to determine the blood sugar level; a measured dose of glucose is given to a patient either orally or intravenously; blood samples are then drawn at certain intervals to determine the ability of the patient to use glucose; used for diabetic patients to determine their insulin response to glucose |
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| radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU) |
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| test in which radioactive iodine is taken orally (PO) or intravenously (IV); the amount that is eventually taken into the thyroid gland (the uptake) is measured to assist in determining thyroid function |
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| test used to measure the levels of hormones in the plasma of the blood |
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| blood test performed to assist in determining insulin levels and useful for adjusting medication dosage |
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| ultrasound examination of the thyroid that can assist in distinguishing a thyroid nodule from a cyst |
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| thyroid function test (TFT) |
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| blood test used to measure the levels of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream to assist in determining thyroid function |
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| test in which a radioactive iodine is administered that localizes in the thyroid gland; the gland can then be visualized with a scanning device to detect pathology such as tumors |
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| blood test to measure the total amount of calcium to assist in detecting parathyroid and bone disorders |
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| two-hour postprandial glucose tolerance test |
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| blood test to assist in evaluating glucose metabolism; the patient eats a high carbohydrate diet and fasts overnight before the test; a blood sample is then taken 2 hours after a meal |
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| large dose of radioactive iodine is given in order to kill thyroid gland cells without having to actually do surgery |
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| laparoscopic adrenalectomy |
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| excision of the adrenal gland through a small incision in the abdomen and using endoscopic instruments |
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| excision of only one lobe of the thyroid gland |
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| excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands; this is performed to halt the progress of hyperparathyroidism |
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| removal of the thymus gland |
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| removal of the entire thyroid or a portion (partial --) to treat a variety of conditions, including nodes, cancer, and hyperthyroidism |
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| surgical removal (excision) of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
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| although the function of these hormones in the body is to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, they also have a strong anti-inflammatory action; therefore they are used to treat severe chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumtoid arthritis; long-term use of corticosteroids has adverse side effects such as osteoporosis and the symptoms of Cushing's disease |
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| as a medication, epinephrine is used to constrict blood vessels and block severe allergic reactions |
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| human growth hormone therapy |
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| therapy with human growth hormone in order to stimulate skeletal growth; used to treat children with abnormally short stature |
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| administered to replace insulin for type 1 diabetics or to treat severe type 2 diabetics |
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| medications taken by mouth that cause a decrease in blood sugar; this is not used for insulin-dependent patients; there is no proof that this medication will prevent the agent long-term complications of diabetes mellitus |
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| thyroid replacement hormone |
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| given to replace thyroid in patients with hypothyroidism or who have had a thyroidectomy |
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| given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules |
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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| follicle-stimulating hormone |
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| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
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| melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
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| non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
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| neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin) |
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| radioactive iodine uptake |
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone |
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