Term
| Principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body |
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Definition
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Term
| What two types of lines can TRANSLATION occur in? |
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Definition
Straight line (rectilinear)
Curved line (curvilinear) |
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Term
| Rigid body moves in a circular path around a pivot point |
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Definition
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Term
| Pivot point for angular motion of the body or body parts |
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Definition
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Term
| Active movements caused by stimulated muscle, such as lifting a glass of water toward the mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| Sources other than active muscle contraction, such as a "push from another person, gravity, tension in stretched tissues, and so forth." |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the primary variables related to kinematics? |
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Definition
| Position, velocity, acceleration |
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Term
| What 3 sets of movements occur in the saggital plane? |
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Definition
Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
Flexion/extension
Forward/backward bending |
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Term
| What 4 sets of movements occur in the frontal plane? |
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Definition
ABD/ADDuction
Lateral flexion
Ulnar/radial deviation
Eversion/inversion |
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Term
| What 2 sets of movements occur in the horizontal or transverse plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Runs parallel to sagital suture of the skull |
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Definition
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Term
| Runs parallel to the coronal suture of the skull |
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Definition
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Term
| Bones rotate around a joint in a plane that is perpendicular to an |
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Definition
| Axis of Rotation (typically located on convex member of a joint) |
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Term
| Number of independent directions of movements allowed at a joint |
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Definition
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Term
| "The slight passive translations that occur in most joints are referred to as" |
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Definition
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Term
| Excessive translation can indicate what? |
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Definition
| Ligamentous injury or abnormal laxity |
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Term
| Significant reduction in accessory movements indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Articulation of two or more bony or limb segments constitutes a what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Position of maximal congruency and tautness is feared to as the joint's |
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Definition
close-packed position
For example, at the knee, the close-packed position is at full extension. All other positions are referred to as the loose-packed positions (everything is lax) |
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Term
| A force that acts on the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Collagen fibers within the tissue are initially wavy or crimped and must be drawn taught before tension is measured |
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Definition
| nonlinear or "toe" region |
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Term
| ratio of stress caused by applied strain |
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Definition
| Stiffness (AKA Young's Modulus) |
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Term
| What must be known to describe a vector? |
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Definition
| Its magnitude, spatial orientation, direction, and point of application must be known |
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Term
| perpendicular distance between axis of rotation and force |
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Definition
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Term
| Slight, passive, nonvolitional movements allowed in most joints (AKA JOINT PLAY) |
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Definition
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Term
| Push or pull generated by stimulated muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle or muscle group that is most directly related to the initiation and execution of a particular |
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Definition
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Term
| The generally agreed on reference position of the body used to describe the location and movement of its parts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Angle formed between a tendon of a muscle and long axis of the bone into which it inserts |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle or muscle group that has the action opposite to a particular agonist muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| Motions of roll, slide and spin that occur between curved articular surfaces of joints |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular motion of an object in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis; often used to describe a motion in the horizontal plane |
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Definition
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Term
| An imaginary line extending through a joint around which rotation occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| Effect of a force that deforms a material at right angles to its long axis. A bent tissue is compressed on its concave side and placed under tension on its convex side |
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Definition
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Term
| Point at the exact center of an object's mass (AKA center of gravity) when considering weight of the mass |
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Definition
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Term
| unique position of most joints of the body where the articular surfaces are most congruent and the ligaments are maximally taut. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A force, applied perpendicularly to the contact surface, that pushes or pulls one object directly against another |
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Definition
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Term
| activated muscle that shortens as it produces a pulling force. |
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Definition
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Term
| a progressive strain of a material when exposed to a constant load over time. |
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Definition
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Term
| number of independent directions of movements allowed at a joint. A joint can have up to three degrees of translation and three degrees of rotation. |
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Definition
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Term
| change in the linear or angular position of an object. |
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Definition
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Term
| : type of movement in which the distal segment of a joint rotates relative to a fixed proximal segment (also called an open kinematic chain) |
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Definition
| Distal-on-proximal segment kinematics |
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Term
| : a force, applied perpendicularly to the contact surface, that pushes or pulls one object directly away from another |
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Definition
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Term
| activated muscle that is producing a pulling force while being elongated by another more dominant force. |
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Definition
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Term
| property of a material demonstrated by its ability to return to its original length after the removal of a deforming force. |
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Definition
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Term
| push or pull produced by sources located outside the body. These typically include gravity and physical contact applied against the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| perpendicular distance between an axis of rotation and the external force. |
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Definition
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Term
| product of an external force and its external moment arm (also called external moment). |
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Definition
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Term
| a push or a pull that produces, arrests, or modifies a motion. |
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Definition
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Term
| two or more muscles acting in different linear directions, but producing a torque in the same rotary direction. |
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Definition
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Term
| potential acceleration of a body toward the center of the earth as a result of gravity. |
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Definition
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Term
| resistance to movement between two contacting surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
| force that exists at a joint, developed in reaction to the net effect of internal and external forces. The joint reaction force includes contact forces between joint surfaces, as well as forces from any periarticular structure. |
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Definition
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Term
| : branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body, without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion. |
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Definition
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Term
| series of articulated segmented links, such as the connected pelvis, thigh, leg, and foot of the lower extremity. |
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Definition
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Term
| branch of mechanics that describes the effect of forces and torques on the body |
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Definition
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Term
| relative moment arm length possessed by a particular force. |
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Definition
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Term
| direction and orientation of a muscle’s force. |
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Definition
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Term
| direction and orientation of the gravitational pull on a body |
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Definition
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Term
| general term that describes the application of a force to a body. |
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Definition
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Term
| axis that extends within and parallel to a long bone or body segment. |
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Definition
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Term
| positions of most synovial joints of the body in which the articular surfaces are least congruent and the ligaments are slackened |
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Definition
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Term
| quantity of matter in an object |
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Definition
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Term
| ratio of the internal moment arm to the external moment arm. |
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Definition
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Term
| perpendicular distance between an axis of rotation and the line of force. |
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Definition
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Term
| potential of a muscle to produce a torque within a particular plane of motion and rotation direction (also called joint action when referring specifically to a muscle’s potential to rotate a joint). Terms that describe a muscle action are flexion, extension, pronation, supination, and so forth. |
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Definition
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Term
| motion of bones relative to the three cardinal, or principal, planes. |
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Definition
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Term
| push or pull generated by sources other than stimulated muscle, such as tension in stretched periarticular connective tissues, physical contact, and so forth. |
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Definition
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Term
| motion produced by a source other than activated muscle. |
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Definition
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Term
| property of a material demonstrated by remaining permanently deformed after the removal of a force. |
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Definition
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Term
| Force divided by a surface area (also called stress) |
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Definition
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Term
| phenomenon in which relatively low-level tension within stretched connective tissues performs a useful function. |
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Definition
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Term
| type of movement in which the proximal segment of a joint rotates relative to a fixed distal segment (also referred to as a closed kinematic chain). |
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Definition
| Proximal-on-distal segment kinematics |
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Term
| arthrokinematic term that describes when multiple points on one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| angular motion in which a rigid body moves in a circular path around a pivot point or an axis of rotation. |
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Definition
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Term
| quantity, such as speed or temperature, that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no directions |
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Definition
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Term
| Any part of a body or limb |
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Definition
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Term
| force produced as two compressed objects slide past each other in opposite directions (like the action of two blades on a pair of scissors) |
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Definition
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Term
| The act of dissipating a force |
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Definition
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Term
| arthrokinematic term describing when a single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface (also called glide). |
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Definition
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Term
| arthrokinematic term describing when a single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface (like a top) |
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Definition
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Term
| state of a body at rest in which the sum of all forces is equal to zero. |
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Definition
| Static linear equilibrium |
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Term
| state of a body at rest in which the sum of all torques is equal to zero. |
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Definition
| State of rotary equilibrium |
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Term
| ratio of stress (force) to strain (elongation) within an elastic material, or N/m (also referred to as Young’s modulus or modulus of elasticity). |
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Definition
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Term
| ratio of a tissue’s deformed length to its original length. May also be expressed in units of distance (m). |
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Definition
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Term
| force generated as a tissue resists deformation, divided by its cross-sectional area (also called pressure). |
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Definition
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Term
| two or more muscles that cooperate to execute a particular movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| application of one or more forces that pulls apart or separates a material (also called a distraction force). Used to denote the internal stress within a tissue as it resists being stretched. |
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Definition
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Term
| application of a force that twists a material around its longitudinal ax |
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Definition
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Term
| quantity, such as velocity or force, that is completely specified by its magnitude and direction. |
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Definition
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Term
| change in position of a body over time, expressed in linear (m/sec) and angular (degrees/sec) terms. |
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Definition
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Term
| property of a material expressed by a changing stress-strain relationship over time. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gravitational force action on a mass |
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Definition
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