Term
| Four events that must occur for cell division |
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Definition
-reproduction signal
-replication of DNA
-segregation
-cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| distribution of the DNA into the two new cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Separation of the two new cells |
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Term
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Definition
| how prokaryotes result in two new cells |
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Term
| Description of a prokaryote chromosome |
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Definition
| singular, circular, made of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T or F eukaryotes usually have more than one chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| newly replicated chromosomes are closely associated |
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Term
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Definition
| separates the sister chromatids into two new nuclei, and the resulting cells are identical to the parent cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the period between cell divisions, divided into interphase and mitosis/cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| the nucleus is visible and normal cell functions occur |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes are single and unreplicated |
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Term
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Definition
between G1 and S
a commitment is made for DNA replication and cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA replicates, chromosomes become 2 sister chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
| cell prepares for mitosis |
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Term
| Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk's) |
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Definition
| catalyzes the phosphorylation from ATP to a protein and changes the shape and function of protein |
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Term
| Cdk is activated by binding to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| external chemical signals that stimulate cells to divide |
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Term
| Platelet-derived growth factor |
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Definition
| from platelets that initiate blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by WBC that promote cell division in other WBC |
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Term
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Definition
| produced in the kidneys stimulate division of bone marrow cells and production of RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is complexed with proteins densely-packed |
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Term
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Definition
| hold the sister chromatids together |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins with positive charges that attract negative phosphate groups of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| determines the plane of cell division and doubles during the S phase |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow tubes formed by microtubules at right angles (2) |
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Term
| T or F plants cells lack centrosomes but have distinct microtubule organizing centers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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Term
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Definition
| chromatids condense and become visible |
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Term
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Definition
| develop in the centromere regions on each sister chromatid to aid in chromosome movement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| microtubules extended from the poles |
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Term
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Definition
| form spindle framework and run pole to pole |
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Term
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Definition
| attach to kinetochores on the chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear envelope breaks down and sister chromatids attach to the kinetochore microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes line up at the midline of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends becoming daughter chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| a kinetochore protein that hydrolyzes and moves chromosome towards the poles |
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Term
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Definition
| spindle breaks down, chromosomes uncoil, nuclear envelope and nucleoli appear, 2 daughter nuclei form |
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Term
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Definition
| in plants, the contents of vesicles form it to begin a new cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
based on mitotic division of the nucleus
-the offspring are clones(identical) to parents |
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Term
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Definition
offspring are not identical to the parents
-require gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| they contain only one set of chromosomes (ex gametes) |
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Term
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Definition
| two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid gamete |
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Term
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Definition
| body cell, contain 2 sets of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| pair with corresponding genes |
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Term
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Definition
| in animals and some plants gametes are the only haploid stage |
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Term
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Definition
nuclear division in cells involved in sexual reproduction
-has 2 nuclear divisions but DNA replicated only once |
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Term
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Definition
| holds together two sister chromatids in meiosis I |
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Term
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Definition
| process of homologous chromosomes pairing in prophase I |
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Term
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Definition
| the four chromatids of each homologous pair |
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Term
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Definition
| homologs are held together here and form between non-sister chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of genetic material that occurs at the chiasmata |
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Term
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Definition
| have increased genetic variability and diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| allows for chance combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cell, further contributing to genetic diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I, sister chromatids fail to seperate during meiosis II |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes lacking or present in excess |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a piece of chromosome may break off and attach to another chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| organism with complete extra sets of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
cell is damaged or starved for oxygen or nutrients
-cell swells and burst |
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Term
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Definition
| is genetically programed cell death because cell is no longer needed or because cell is old |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous lobes that break into fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrolyze proteins of membranes |
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Term
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Definition
lose control over cell division
can migrate to other parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| resemble the tissue they grow from and grow slowly and remain localized |
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Term
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Definition
| do not resemble the tissue they grow from and may have irregular structures |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer cells that invade surrounding tissue and travel through the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins are positive regulators of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| positive regulators in both cancer and normal cells, but are inactive in cancer cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interferes with the mitotic spindle |
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