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Chapter 11
Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
21
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/09/2009

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Cards

Term
Meiosis is a form of cell division that results in the production of ____
Definition
gametes
Term
  • gametes
  • contain ___ the number of chromosomes of an adult body
Definition
  • egg cells and sperm cells
  • half
Term

Diploid vs. Haploid:

 

Somatic are __

gametes are __

 

diploid have __ set(s) of chromosomes

haploid have __ set(s) of chromosomes.

Definition

diploid

haploid

 

2

1

 

Term
fertilization
Definition
fusion of gametes
Term
sexual reproduction includes the fusion of gametes to produce a ___ ___
Definition
diploid zygote
Term
Life cycles of sexually reproducing organisms involve the alternation of ___ and __ stages.
Definition
diploid and haploid stages
Term
meiosis includes __ rounds of division known as...
Definition
2, meiosis I and meiosis II
Term

During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (homologues) become closely associated with each other. This is _____

 

proteins between the homologues hold them in a _____ ____

Definition

synapsis

 

synaptonemal complex

Term
  • crossing over:
  • physically, it's the ...
Definition
  • genetic recombination of sister chromatids
  • exchange of regions of the chromatids
Term
chiasma
Definition
sites of crossing over
Term
the homologues are sparated from each other in ___ _
Definition
anaphase 1
Term

True/false

 

Meiosis involves two successive cell divisions with NO replication b/t them

Definition
True
Term

Prophase I:

  • ____ coils tighter
  • nuclear envelope ____
  • homologues become closely associated in ___
  • ___ ___ occurs between NON-sister chromatids
Definition
  • chromosomes
  • dissolves
  • synapsis
  • crossing over
Term

Metaphase I:

  • ____ ____ hold homologues together following crossing over
  • microtubules from opposite poles attach to each ____, not the ____ ____
  • homologues are aligned at the ___ ___ side-by-side
  • the orientation of each pair of homologues on the spindle is ____
Definition
  • terminal chiasma
  • homologue not sister chromatids
  • metaphase plate
  • random
Term

Anaphase I:

  • _____ of the spindle shorten
  • _____ are separated from each other
  • ___ ___ remain attached to each other
Definition
  • microtubules
  • homologues
  • sister chromatids (attached at centromeres)
Term

Telophase I:

  • ___ ___ form around each set of chromosomes
  • each new nucleus is now ___
  • sister chromatids are no longer ___ because of crossing over
Definition
  • nuclear envelopes
  • haploid
  • no longer identical
Term

meiosis II resembles a ___ division:

  • prophase II: __ __ disolves & __ __ forms
  • metaphase II: chromosomes align on __ __
  • anaphase II: __ __ are separated
  • telophase II: __ __ re-forms; __ follows
Definition

mitotic

  • nuclear envelopes, spindle apparatus
  • metaphase plate
  • sister chromatids
  • nuclear envelope, cytokinesis
Term
What 4 features characterize meiosis?
Definition
  1. synapsis/crossing over
  2. sister chromatids remain joined through meiosis I
  3. kinetochores of sister chomatids remain attached throu meiosis I
  4. DNA replication is surpressed b/t meiosis I and meiosis II
Term

True/False:

Meiosis produces HAPLOID cells that are NOT identical to each other.

Definition
True
Term

Genetic Differences arise from...

 

Definition

crossing over

independent assortment

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