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Chapter 1 The Democratic Republic
South Seattle Community College, Othman
36
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
06/29/2015

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Term
Politics
Definition
The struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups that grant or withhold benefits or privileges
Term
Institution
Definition
An ongoing organization that performs certain functions for society
Term
Government
Definition
The preeminent institution within a society. Government has the ultimate authority to decide how conflicts will be resolved and how benefits and privileges will be allocated.
Term
Order
Definition
A state of peace and security. Maintaining order by protecting members of society from violence and criminal activity is the oldest purpose of government.
Term
Liberty
Definition
The greatest freedom of the individual that is consistent with the freedom of other individuals in the society.
Term
Authority
Definition
The right and power of a government or other entity to enforce its decisions and compel obedience.
Term
Legitimacy
Definition
Popular acceptance of the right and power of a government or other entity to exercise authority.
Term
Totalitarian regime
Definition
To form a government that controls all aspects of the political, social, and economic life of a nation.
Term
Authoritarianism
Definition
A type of regime in which only the government itself is fully controlled by the ruler. Social and economic institutions exist that are not under the government's control.
Term
Democracy
Definition
A system of government in which the political authority is vested in the people.
Term
Direct Democracy
Definition
A system of government in which political decisions are made by the people directly, rather than by their elected representatives.
Term
Legislature
Definition
A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.
Term
Referendum
Definition
An electoral device whereby legislative or constitutional measures are referred by the legislature to the voters for approval or disapproval.
Term
Recall
Definition
A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from office before his or her term has expired.
Term
Republic
Definition
A form of government in which sovereign power rests with the people, rather than with a king or monarch.
Term
Popular Sovereignty
Definition
The concept that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people.
Term
Democratic Republic
Definition
A republic in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies.
Term
Representative Democracy
Definition
A form of government in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies, but in which the monarchy may be retained in a ceremonial role.
Term
Universal Suffrage
Definition
The right of all adults to vote for their representatives.
Term
Majority Rule
Definition
A basic principle of democracy asserting that the greatest number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies.
Term
Majoritarianism
Definition
A political theory holding that in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority of the people want.
Term
Elite Theory
Definition
The argument that society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to further their self-interests.
Term
Pluralism
Definition
A theory that views politics as a conflict among interest groups, . Political decision making is characterized by bargaining and compromise.
Term
Political Culture
Definition
The patterned set of ideas, values and ways of thinking about government and politics that characterizes a people.
Term
Political Socialization
Definition
The process by which people acquire political beliefs and values.
Term
Civil Liberties
Definition
Those personal freedoms, including freedom of religion and of speech, that are protected for all individuals in a society.
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
The first ten amendments of the US. Constitution
Term
Equality
Definition
As a political value, the idea that all people are of equal worth.
Term
Property
Definition
Anything that is or may be subject to ownership.

As conceived by the political philosopher John Locke, the right to property is a natural right superior to human law (laws made by government).
Term
Capitalism
Definition
An economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealth-creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract.
Term
Political Ideology
Definition
A comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and the role of government.
Term
conservatism
Definition
A set of beliefs that includes advocacy of a limited role for the national government in helping individuals, support for traditional values and lifestyles, and a cautious response to change.
Term
Conservative Movement
Definition
An American movement launched in the 1950s that provides a comprehensive ideological framework for conservative politics .
Term
Liberalism
Definition
A set of beliefs that includes advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, support for civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change.
Term
Socialism
Definition
A political ideology based on strong support for economic and social equality. Socialists traditionally envisioned a society in which major businesses were taken over by the government or by employee cooperatives.
Term
Libertarianism
Definition
A political ideology based on skepticism or opposition toward most government activities.
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