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Chapter 11
biology for a changing world second edition
18
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/30/2014

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Term
Mutation
Definition
A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
Term
Diploid
Definition
Having two copies of every chromosome.
Term
Homologous Chromosomes
Definition
A pair of chromosomes that both contain the same genes, In a diploid cell, one chromosome in the pair is inherited from the mother, the other from the father.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The visible or measurable feature of an individual.
Term
Genotype
Definition
The particular genetic makeup of an individual.
Term
Gametes
Definition
Specialized reproductive cells that carry one copy of each chromosome (that is, they are haploid) Sperm are male gametes; eggs are female gametes.
Term
Haploid
Definition
Having only one copy of every chromosome.
Term
Meiosis
Definition
A specialized type of nuclear division that generates genetically unique haploid gametes.
Term
Zygote
Definition
A cell that is capable of developing into an adult organism. The zygote is formed when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.
Term
Embryo
Definition
An early stage of development reached when a zygote undergoes cell division to form a multicellular structure.
Term
Recombination
Definition
An event in meiosis during which maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and physically exchange DNA segments.
Term
Independent Assortment
Definition
The principle that alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis
Term
Recessive Allele
Definition
An allele that reveals itself in the phenotype only if a masking dominant allele is not present.
Term
Dominant Allele
Definition
An allele that can mask the presence of a recessive allele.
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Having two different alleles.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Having two identical alleles.
Term
Punnet Square
Definition
A diagram used to determine probabilities of offspring having particular genotypes, given the genotypes of the parents.
Term
Carrier
Definition
An individual who is heterozygous for a particular gene of interest, and therefore can pass on the recessive allele without showing any of its effects.
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