Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two reasons we analyze time? |
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Definition
1. To understand what has already happened
2. To predict what will happen in the future |
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Term
| What are the two elements that are typically combined to identify a discrete temporal location? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does A.M. stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does P.M. stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
When electronically stored,Date and Time data are often merged into a single "date/time" field.
What are the 3 formats used for storing this data? |
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Definition
1. Text field
2. Numeric field
3. A Specialized date/time field type |
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Term
| Define Temporal Distribution |
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Definition
| How events are situated throughout the study area in relation to one another. |
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Term
| What are the 3 classes of distribution? |
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Definition
1. Clustered events tend to occur in close proximity to one another.
2. Uniform events tend to occur far apart from one another.
3. Random events are neither clustered nor uniform.
(All can apply to geography or time) |
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Term
| The Nearest Neighbor Test, Ripley's K, and Moran's I are all tests to measure what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Tempo is a measurement of tendency
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Term
| What are the 3 types of tempo? |
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Definition
1. Acceleration occurs when the interval between events decreases as the number of events decreases
2. Decceleration occurs when the interval between events increases as the number of events increases
3. Stabilization occurs when the interval between events neither increases nor decreases as the number of events increases |
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Term
| The Least Squares Best Fit method can be applied to a tempogram to calculate what? |
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Definition
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Term
Tempo suffers limitations, one of which being that it does not account for terminal velocity.
What is terminal velocity? |
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Definition
| The fastest rate at which events can occur. |
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Term
| In order to make sense of an otherwise chaotic tempo or distribution, we look for ________________. |
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Definition
Correlations
We look for correlations between the interval and other another variable, such as value of goods obtained. |
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Term
| Define the type of temporal falacy known as a spurious relationship. |
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Definition
| A spurious relationship is when two factors have no causal connection, but appear to have one due to a third unknown variable. |
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Term
| What are the 3 questions an analyst should ask when confronted by an apparent temporal correlation? |
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Definition
1. Is the correlation logical?
2. Is the correlation causal?
3. What have you forgotten? |
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Term
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Definition
| acceleration, deceleration, and stabilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| bivariate chart that shows change in time along the x-axis and change in interval on the y-axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| furthest rate between event that can occur |
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Term
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Definition
| overlaying of factors to see if influences the relationship of another. Bivariate analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| the speed with event occur and how many. Is cyclical not linear and based on DOW, DOM, TOD etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| matrix showing change tween measurements and how one event relates to events after. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| divide the risk of each crime and then divide the number of hours and add value to each hour as a risk score. Subject to outliers, less arbitrary but can be influenced by timing of cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| timing, frequency and duration. |
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Term
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Definition
| linear, cyclical and leading indicator. |
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Term
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Definition
| what will happen based on the overall trend. |
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Term
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Definition
| repeating patterns based on seasons, months. |
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Term
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Definition
| bi-multivariate - a variable that independently predicts outcome of a dependent variable. (example: amount of $ taken determines frequency of hits) |
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Term
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Definition
| spectral analysis that breaks down a signal and subjects it analysis to identify regular cycles. The cycles determine specific frequency,amplitude and regularity. |
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Term
| In forecasting ___________ are totally predictable |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| extrapoliate what will happen based on an overall trend (line) that is drawn from the past to the present and carried on into the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| based on intervals between cases, the ability to guess the probable interval from the last known case to the next/future case. |
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Term
| Both _______ and _______ are linked and need to consider one with the other when conducting analysis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Crime will have both _____ and _______ and it will have ___________. |
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Definition
| temporal, spatial and duration. |
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