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| Alternate forms of a gene occuring on the same locus of homologous chromosomes. |
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| Allele with the ability to mask the other allele. Expressed as a capital letter. |
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| Allele that is covered up by the dominant allele in heterozygous genes. Expressed as a lower case letter. |
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Definition
| Particular location where alleles occur on homologous pairs of chromosomes. |
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Definition
| Two different alleles at a gene locus. |
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| Genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits. Often expressed by letters. |
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Definition
| Physical appearence. Outward appearence produced by the genotype. Affected by genotype and environment. |
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| Determines whether an individual with a dominant phenotype is heterozygous or homozygous recessive. |
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| Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome. |
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| Unaffected parents who can have affected children. |
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| Examples of Autosomal Recessive Disorders |
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Definition
| Tay-Sachs Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Phenylketonuria(PKU). |
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Term
| Autosomal Recessive Disorders |
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Definition
*Affected children can have unaffected parents.
*Heterozygotes have a normal phenotype.
*Two affected parents will always have affected children.
*Close unaffected relatives are more likely to have affected children if they have joint affected relatives.
*Males and females affected with equal frequency. |
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Term
| Autosomal Dominant Disorders |
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Definition
*Affective children will have at least one affected parent.
*Heterozygotes are affected.
*Two affected parents can produce unaffected children.
*Two unaffected parents will not have affected children.
*Males and females affected with equal frequency. |
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| Examples of Autosomal Dominant Disorders |
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Definition
| Neurofibromatosis and Huntington Disease. |
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Term
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Definition
Inheritance pattern in which the offspring has an intermediate phenotype. ex: when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce pink-flowered offspring.
Neither allele is completely dominant. |
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Definition
| Example of a human disorder controlled by incompletely dominant alleles. Red blood cells are sickle-shaped because of abnormal hemoglobin. Can have normal genotype, sickle-cell disease, or sickle-cell traits. SC trait reproduce 1:2:1. |
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| A fene that affects more than one characeristic of the individual. Sickel-cell disease affects persons with poor circulation, anemia, and low resistance to infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gene exists in several allelic forms, but each person usually has only two of the possible alleles. ex: blood type. |
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Definition
| Inheritance pattern where both alleles of a gene are equally expressed. ex: AB blood type. |
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Definition
Occurs when a trait is governed by two or more sets of alleles.
Has copy of all allelic pairs, possibly located on many diffenent pairs of chromosomes.
Effect of dominant allel on phenotype is additive. Results in continuous variation of phenotype that resembles a bell shaped curve. |
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Definition
| Occurs when a gene at one locus interferes with the expression of a gene at a different locus. ex: albinos-gene whose product interferes with gene that produces melanin. |
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