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| medically, any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and to grow; the carrier of nourishment; socially, a more limited number of such substances defined as acceptable by each culture. |
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| the study of nutrients in food and in the body; sometimes also the study of human behavior related to food. |
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| the foods (including beverages) a person usually eats and drinks. |
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| components of food that are indispensable to the body's functioning. They provide energy, serve as building material, help maintain or repair body parts, and support growth. THe nutrients include water, carbs, fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals. |
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| any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients. Nutrient or energy deficiences are forms of undernutrition; nutrient or energy excesses are forms of overnutrition. |
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| Degenerative conditions or illnesses that progress slowly, are long in duration, and that lack an immediate cure; Chronic diseases limit function, productivity, and the quality and length of life. Examples include heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. |
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| the full complement of genetic info in the chromosomes of a cell. In humans, the genome consists about 35k genes and supporting materials. The study of genomes is genomics. |
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| units of a cell's inheritance; sections of the larger genetic molecule DNA. Each gene directs the making of one or more of the body's proteins. |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid, the thread-like molecule that encodes genetic information in its structure; DNA strands coil up densely to form the chromosomes. |
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| water, carbs, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals |
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| the capacity to do work. The energy in food is chemical energy; it can be converted to mechanical, electrical, thermal, or other forms of energy in the body. Food energy is measured in calories. |
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| carbon containing. Four of the six classes of nutrients are organic: carbs, fat, protein, and vitamins. Organic compounds include only those made by living things and do not include compounds such as carbon dioxide, diamonds, and a few carbon salts. |
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| units of weight. A gram is the weight of a cubic centimeter or milliliter of water under defined conditions of temperature and pressure. About 28 g equal an O. |
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| energy-yielding nutrients |
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| the nutrients the body can use for energy, carbs, fat, protein. These also suppy building blocks for body structure. |
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| the nutrients the body cannot make for itself (or fast enough) from other raw materials; nutrients that must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies. |
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| units of energy. In nutrition science, the unit used to measure the energy in foods is a kilocalorie (also called Calorie): it is the amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water 1 degree C. |
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| pills, liquid, or powders that contain purified nutrients or other ingredients. |
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| diets composed of purified ingredients of known chemical composition; intended to supply all essential nutrients to people who cannot eat foods. |
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| compounds in plan-derived foods |
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| having biological activity in the body. |
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