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| The process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest beginning to the diversity of organisms living today |
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| the scientific study of life |
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| Order (highly ordered structure), Evolutionary adaptation (evolve over many generations by the reproductive success of those individuals with heritable traits that are best suited to their environments), response to environment, reproduciton, growth and development, energy processing, and regulation |
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| New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy |
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| due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases |
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| the reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study |
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| molecules< organelles< cells< tissues< organs< organ systems< organisms< populations< communities< ecosystems< biosphere |
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| to construct models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems |
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| Organisms interact with environments, exchanging matter and energy |
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subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane- enclosed organelles
-largest organelle is the nucleus
-all other organelles located in cytoplasm |
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| much simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cell; DNA is not seperated from the rest of the cell by enclosure in a membrane- bounded nucleus |
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| all instructions for genetic make-up |
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| Research Developments in Biology |
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1. High through puts: can analyze biological materials rapidly and produce large amounts of data
2. bioinformatics: use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze huge volume of data
3. interdisciplinary research teams: melting pots of diverse specialists |
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| accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process (less) |
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| end product speeds up its production (more) |
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| Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain |
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1. Bacteria (prokaryotic): most diverse & widespread
2. Archea (prokaryotic): live in extreme environments
3. Eukarya (eukaryotic): includes all eukaryotic organisms
a) Kingdom Fungi-nutritional mode of members
b) Kingdom Plantae- carry out photosynthesis
c) Kingdom Animalia- ingest other organisms
d) protists- unicellular eukaryotes |
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-Descent with modification
-Natural selection |
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| At the heart of science is inquiry |
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| a search for info and explanation, often focusing on specific questions |
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| items of information on which scientific inquiry is based |
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| forms of recorded descriptions rather than numerical measurements |
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| derive generilazations from a large number of specific observations |
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an educated guess, based on experience and on the data available from discovery science
-must be testable and falsifiable |
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logic flows from the general to the specific
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| one that is designed to compare an experimental and control group |
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| an explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence |
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| can take many forms ie diagrams, graphs, 3D objects, computer programs, or mathematical equations |
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| goal of technology vs goal of science |
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to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose vs to understand natural phenomena
-aka inventions vs discoveries |
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