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| Diversity of structureFour properties of the "information structure" |
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Definition
| diversity of structure, ability to replicate, mutability, translation |
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| the basic element of the system of inherited information |
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| the collection of all the genes of an organism |
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| the study of the diversity, replication, mutation and translation of information |
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| Mendel and the key to genetic analysis |
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| examine the effects of mutations; he did this in garden peas |
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| exposed model organisms to x-rays and screened for defects in different biosynthetic pathways |
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| How DNA matches the four properties of info structure |
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| the ATCG sequence can be pretty much anything; double stranded molecule can replicate; can have changes in base pairs; goes from DNA to RNA to protein |
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| unwinding of two strands of double helix and buildin up of new complementary strand on each of the separated strands |
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| two types of info transfer of DNA |
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| DNA to mRNA then mRNA to the amino acid sequence |
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| naturally occurring differences; these small differences have huge effects on the outcome; make proteins more/less active |
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| introduced in the lab to cause genetic variation |
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| identify the mutants to identify the genes involved |
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| starts with known genetic changes and looks for changes in organism that result |
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| the normal form. the investigators pick this and you compare everything to |
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| strains that differ GENETICALLY from the wild type; may or may not cause a difference in phenotype |
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| completely block the production of a protein |
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| the function of controlled matings between mutatns and wild type |
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Definition
| to identify whether a phenotype is from a single mutation or multiple mutations |
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| examine a cell affected by the mutation |
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| the study of structure, fuction and evolution of whole genomes |
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| identify differences and similarities |
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| computation analysis of genomes |
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| what a southern blot tells you |
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| helps show whether a gene is present or absent; or whether it differs in size |
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| looking at the mRNA of a gene |
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| What a northern blot tells you |
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| important when looking at levels produced from a particular gene, whether there was a big or small deletion (exons cut out) or a promoter mutation |
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| run up of a total protein against antibodies |
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| what a western blot tells you |
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| important for nonsense mutations and cans see whether or not is a shorter sequence/smaller protein |
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| model organism; bacteria; at what a gene is and recombination; primarily for how DNA is packaged in viruses |
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| model organism; fungus; used by beadle and tatum |
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| model organism; plant; for plant molecular biology |
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| model organism; worm; for cell lineage and apoptosis during development |
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| two effects on the final outcome of an organism |
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