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| the laws that, according to the Bible, Moses received from God on Mount Sinai; these laws laterr because the first part of the Hebrew Bible |
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| one of the official languages of Israel |
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| refers to the scattering of communities of Jews outside their homeland after the Babylonian captivity |
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| in Judaism, a deliverer sent by God |
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| Jewish leader and teacher of the Torah |
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| early Christian leader who helped set up churches and spread the message of Jews |
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| one of the official languages of ME |
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| important Muslim political and religious leader; successor of Muhammad |
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| Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali, as rightful rulers of Muslims |
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| Muslim group that accepts descendants of Umayyads as rightful ruler of Muslims |
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