Term
| what does the term overt refer to? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the term covert refer to? |
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Definition
| covert is mental processes |
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Term
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Definition
| to improve on "commonsense" knowledge by using scientific observation, which is both systematic and intersubjective. |
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Term
| what is a research method? |
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Definition
| a systematic procedure for answering scientific questions |
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Term
| what are the goals of psychology? |
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Definition
| description, understanding, prediction and control |
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Term
| what is critical thinking? |
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Definition
| type of reflection involving asking if a belief is supported by scientific theory and systematic observation |
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Term
| what are the basic principles of critical thinking? |
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Definition
*there are few "truths" that don't need to be justified, such as your religious faith or your moral beliefs etc
*critical thinkers often wonder what it would take to falsify a "truth"
*authority or claimed expertise does not making something true
*you must judge the quality of the evidence
*critical thinking requires an open mind |
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Term
| what is the pseudopsychology about the shape of your skull? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the scientific method? |
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Definition
| a form of critical thinking based on careful collection of evidence, accurate description, precise definition, controlled observation, and repeatable results |
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Term
| What are the six basic elements of the scientific method in order? |
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Definition
| making observations, defining the problem, proposing a hypothesis, gathering evidence and testing the hypothesis, forming a theory, and publishing the results |
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Term
| what is "operational definition"? |
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Definition
| defines a scientific concept by stating specific actions or procedures used to measure it |
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Term
| who was the "father" of psychology? |
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Definition
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Term
| what did wilheim wundt do? |
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Definition
*set up the first lab to study concious experience
*introspection |
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Term
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Definition
| looking inward and examing and reporting your thoughts and feelings |
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Term
| what does structuralism deal with? |
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Definition
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Term
| what were the thoughts of functionalists? |
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Definition
*mental function is more important than mental structure
*admired charles darwins theory of natural selection
*how the mind functions helps us adapt and survive |
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Term
| what is natural selection? |
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Definition
| the process of nature choosing the characteristics for a species in an environment to help them adapt and survive |
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Term
| what is educational psychology? |
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Definition
*promoted by functionalists as the discipline that studies mental adaptation
*it is the study of learning, teaching, classroom dynamics, and related topics |
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Term
| what is the main idea of behaviorism? |
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Definition
| psychology must study observable behavior objectively |
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Term
| what does behaviorism do? |
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Definition
| studies the relationship between stimuli (environmental events) and responses (any identifiable behaviors) |
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Term
watson studied _____ conditioning
skinner studied ______ conditioning |
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Definition
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Term
| what is radical behaviorism? |
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Definition
| mental events, such as thinking, are not necessary to explain behavior |
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Term
| what is cognitive behaviorism? |
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Definition
| together, cognition (thinking) and conditioning explain behavior |
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Term
| what did gestalt believe? |
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Definition
| "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" |
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Term
| what did sigmund freud believe? |
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Definition
| behavior is largely influenced by unconcious wishes, thoughts and desires, especially sex and agression |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when threatening thoughts are unconciously held out of awareness |
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Term
| why did freud create psychoanalysis, the first therapy? |
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Definition
| to explore unconcious conflicts and emotional problems |
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Term
| what does humanism focus on? |
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Definition
| human experience, potentials, ideals, and problems |
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Term
| what else about humanism? |
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Definition
| each person has innate (natural) goodness and is able to use "free will" |
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Term
| what is frame of reference? |
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Definition
| mental perspective used for interpreting events |
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Term
| what is self-actualization |
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Definition
| fully developing ones potential and becoming the best person possible |
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Term
| what are the three broad views of psychology today? |
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Definition
| biopsychological, psychological, and sociocultural |
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Term
| what is the biopsychological view? |
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Definition
| behavior is shaped by internal physical, chemical and biological processes |
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Term
| what is the behavioral view? |
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Definition
| behavior is shaped by ones environment |
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Term
| what is th ecognitive view? |
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Definition
| behaior is shaped by mental processing of information |
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Term
| what is the psychodynamic view? |
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Definition
| behavior is shaped by unconcious processes |
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Term
| what is the humanistic view? |
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Definition
| behavior is shaped by self-image, subjective perception, and needs for personal growth |
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Term
| what is the sociocultural view? |
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Definition
| behavior is shaped by ones social and cultural context |
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Term
| name other mental health professions |
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Definition
| psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, counselor, psychiatric social worker |
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Term
| why do we conduct experiments? |
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Definition
| to identify cause-and-effect relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| study of results of other studies |
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Term
| what is research participant bias? |
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Definition
| changes in participants behavior caused by the influence of their expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in the participants behavior due to unintended influence of the researcher |
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Term
| what is anthropomorphic fallacy? |
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Definition
| attributing human thoughts, feelings, or motives to animals, especially as a way of explaining their behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| in-depth focus on all aspects of a single person |
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