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Chapter 1
Human body part 1
15
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/14/2011

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Cards

Term
Anatomy
Definition
the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Term
Physiology
Definition
the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery
Term
Gross Anatomy
Definition

Regional – all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg)

 

Systemic – gross anatomy of the body studied by system

 

Surface – study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

Term

Microscopic Anatomy:

 

 Cytology vs. Histology

Definition

Cytology – study of the cell

 

Histology – study of tissues

Term
Developmental Anatomy
Definition
Traces structural changes throughout life
Term
Developmental anatomy: Embryology
Definition
Study of developmental changes of the body before birth.
Term
Pathological Anatomy
Definition
Study of structural changes caused by diease.
Term
Radiographic anatomy
Definition
study of internal structures visualized by specialized scanning procedures such as X-ray, MRI, and CT scans
Term
Molecular biology
Definition
study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level
Term

Operation of specific organ systems:

Renal,  Neurophysiology,  Cardiovascular

Definition

Renal – kidney function

 

Neurophysiology – workings of the nervous

system

 

Cardiovascular – operation of the heart and blood vessels

Term
Principle of Complementarity
Definition

-Function always reflects structure

 

-What a structure can do depends on its specific form

Term

Levels of Structural Organization

 

(smallest to largest)

Definition

Chemical

(atoms combined to form molecules)

 

Cellular

(cells are made of molecules)

 

Tissue

(consists of similar types of cells)

 

Organ

(made up of different types of tissues)

 

Organ system

(consists of different organs that work closely together)

 

Organismal

(made up of the organ systems)

Term

Integumentary System:

What forms it? Composed of? Function?

Definition

-Forms the external body covering

 

Composed of:

- the skin

- sweat glands

- oil glands

- hair

- nails

 

-Protects deep tissues from injury and synthesizes vitamin D

Term

Skeletal System:

 

Composed of? Purpose? Site of?

Definition

 

Composed of:

bone, cartilage, and ligaments

 

Purpose:

-Protects and supports body organs

-Provides the framework for muscles

-Stores minerals

 

-Site of blood cell formation

 


 

Term

What are the necessary life functions?

Definition

1. Maintain boundaries, keep internal seperate from external

 

2. Movement- locomotion, propulsion (peristalsis), contractility

 

3. Responsiveness- sense changes in environment and react

 

4. Digestion- breakdown of food

 

5. Metabolism- chemical reactions that occur in the body

 

6. Excretion- removal of wastes

 

7. Reproduction (cellular and organismal)

 

8. Growth- inc. in body part or organism

 

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