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Chapter 1
Test 1
24
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/17/2011

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Term
Observation
Definition
The gathering of scientific information by watching a phenomenon
Term
Deduction
Definition
A concluusion that follows logically from a set of observations
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A preliminary explanation of a phenomenon.  Hypothesis formation is the first step of the scientific method
Term
Experimentation
Definition
The testing of a hypothesis
Term
Data
Definition
The sceintific evidence produced by an experiment or by observation, from which scientific conclusions are made
Term
Scientific method
Definition
Standard scientific research prodcedure in which a hypothesis is stated, data are collected to test it, and the hypothesis is eithher supported or refuted
Term
Falsifiable
Definition
Able to be shown to be false
Term
Paradigm
Definition
A conceptual framework useful for understanding a body of evidence
Term
Immutability (or fixity)
Definition
Stasis, lack of change
Term
Polygenism
Definition
Ancient belief that people are derived from multiple creations
Term
Monogenism
Definition
Ancient belief that all people are derived from a single creation
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
The science of biological classification
Term
Binomial nomenclature
Definition
Linnaean naming system for all organisms, consisting of a genus and species label
Term
Taxon
Definition
A group of organisms assigned to a particular catagory
Term
Catastrophism
Definition
Theory that there have been multiple creations interspersed by great natural disasters such as Noah's flood
Term
Theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
Definition
Discredited theory of evolutionary change proposing that changes that occur during the lifetime of an individual, through use or disuse, can be passed on to the next generation
Term
Lysenkoism
Definition
Soviet-era research program that tried to apply Lamarckian thinking to agricultural production
Term
Uniformitarianism
Definition
THeory that the same gradual geological process we observe today was operating in the past
Term
Adaptive radiation
Definition
The diversification of one founding species into multiple species and niches
Term
Natural selection
Definition
Differential reproductive success over multiple generations
Term
Population
Definition
An interbreeding group of organisms
Term
Mutation
Definition
An alteration in the DNA, which may or may not alter the function of a cell.  If it occurs in a gamete, it may be passed from one generation to the next
Term
Creation science
Definition
A creationist attempt the refute the evidence of evolution
Term
Intelligent design
Definition
A creationist school of thought that proposes that natural selection cannot account for the diversity and complexity of form and cuntion seen in nature
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