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The view that psychology:
(1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) |
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| Emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. |
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| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
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| Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather it examines assumptions, uncovers hidden values, weighs evidence, and assesses conclusions. |
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| an integrated approach that incorporates different but complementary views from biological, psychological, and social-cultural perspectives. |
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| the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. |
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| the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's psychological science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture. |
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| the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. |
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| the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive. |
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| the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. |
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| an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. |
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| a testable prediction, often implied by a theory. |
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| a statement of the procedures used to define research variables. |
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| Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. |
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| An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
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| A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them. |
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| A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. |
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| observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. |
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| A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1. |
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| The perception of a relationship where none exists |
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| a method in which researchers vary one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. |
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| assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing any differences between them. |
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| the group in an experiment that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. |
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| the group in an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. |
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| an inert substance or condition that is assumed to be an active agent |
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| a procedure in which participants and research staff are ignorant about who has received the treatment or a placebo. |
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| results caused by expectations alone |
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| the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. |
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| the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable |
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| a study method incorporating 5 steps: survey, question, read, rehearse, review. |
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| the branch of neuroscience that studies the biological foundations of mental phenomena |
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| German founding father of psychology. Had the first psychology laboratory in which he studied reaction time. |
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| Behaviorist, championed psychology as the scientific study of behavior. Showed fear could be learned through his experiments on a baby who became famous as "Little Albert" |
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| Leading behaviorist who rejected the idea of studying inner thoughts and feelings. He studied how consequences shape behavior. |
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