A: Abyssal plains are wide, flat areas in between trenches and mid-ocean ridges

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A: The continental slope is a steep area that drops off rapidly to the ocean basin from the edge of the continental shelf

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A: Seamounts are old inactive volcanoes, originally formed near mid-ocean ridges but were moved away as the plates moved apart

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A: Submarine cannons are large sections of the continental shelf and slope carved out by a turbidity current

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A: Tectonic processes is the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates as they float over Earth’s molten layers. It also has the greatest influence in shaping the ocean floor

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A: An ocean current is a large body of ocean water that moves

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A: Planktons are microscopic organisms that are a crucial food source for other organisms in the ocean

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A: Headlines are parts of the coastline that extend further out into the ocean

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A: Bays are indented areas in a coastline in which the ocean reaches into the land

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A: Upwelling is the rising of water from the deep. Upwelling provides nutrients on the surface, which feeds the plankton, a main food source for fish and many other organisms in the ocean

A: A density current is when the cold, denser water sinks beneath the warm water. By frequently moving the water, density currents can create everything from excellent ocean fishing all the way to strange weather

A: Thermocline is a layer beneath the mixed layer and above the deep water layer. It reaches depths 1 km from the ocean surface and has temperatures of 2 Celsius above freezing

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A: A tide is the daily cycle of rising and falling ocean water that is caused by the gravitational attraction between the Earth and the Moon.

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A: A tsunami is a large and powerful wave that is created by an earthquake underwater

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A: A trench is a long V-shaped groove that marks the boundary between a continental plate and oceanic plate. Trenches usually form in the outer edges of ocean basins

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A: An ocean basin is a low point on Earth's surface where water flowed into overtime due to gravity

A: A mid-ocean ridge is created when two plates are pushed apart and the magma underneath will ooze up into the empty space. Mid- ocean ridges usually form in the middle of ocean basins

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A: Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific time

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A: Convection is the process of heat transfer. When sun heats up the ocean surface, some of the heat is transferred to air above the ocean surface. The transferred warm air (thermal) rises until it reaches the cooler levels in the atmosphere. There, it cools down and loses its heat and ability to rise. The cooler air sinks back to the ocean floor where it will be reheated again and the cycle restarts

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A: El Nino is a phenomenon and also a warm ocean current that happens each year, around Christmas time, off the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. El Nino is known for causing unusual weather in many places around the world

A: La Nina is a period when upwelling causes cold waters to come to the surface of the coast of south America. La Nina produces opposite climatic effects to El Nino. Places where drought has been brought by El Nino has wetter periods during the period of La Nina

A: Climate is the weather characteristics for a certain region/place that has been averaged overtime

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A: Wind action is one of the three factors that affect surface currents, the other two being the shape of the continents and Earth’s spin

A: The continental rise is an area in between the continental slope and abyssal plain that was created when sediments are deposited by a turbidity current

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